Plant species richness does not attenuate responses of soil microbial and nematode communities to a flood event |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07749 Jena, Germany;2. German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Institute of Biology, University Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;1. Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, United States;2. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States;3. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic University, Blacksburg, VA, United States;4. Department of Soil and Water Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States;5. Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States;6. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States;1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;2. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA;1. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;3. The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK;4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;5. Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;3. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Beijing 100093, China;4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;5. Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;6. School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology & Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R.China;2. Institute of Rice Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R.China;3. College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China;4. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland;2. Department of Biology, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;3. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YAC), FIN-40014, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Human activities are causing climatic changes and alter the composition and biodiversity of ecosystems. Climate change has been and will be increasing the frequency and severity of extreme climate events and natural disasters like floods in many ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of disturbances on ecosystems and identify potential stabilizing features of ecological communities. In this study, soil microbial and nematode communities were investigated in a grassland biodiversity experiment after a natural flood to investigate if plant diversity is able to attenuate or reinforce the magnitude of effects of the disturbance on soil food webs. In addition to community analyses of soil microorganisms and nematodes, the stability indices proportional resilience, proportional recovery, and proportional resistance were calculated. Generally, soil microbial biomass decreased significantly due to the flood with the strongest reduction in gram-negative bacteria, while gram-positive bacteria were less affected by flooding. Fungal biomass increased significantly three months after the flood compared to few days before the flood, reflecting elevated availability of dead plant biomass in response to the flood. Similar to the soil microbial community, nematode community structure changed considerably due to the flood by favoring colonizers (in the broadest sense r-strategists; c–p 1, 2 nematodes), particularly so at high plant diversity. None of the soil microbial community stability indices and few of the nematode stability indices were significantly affected by plant diversity, indicating limited potential of plant diversity to buffer soil food webs against flooding disturbance. However, plant diversity destabilized colonizer populations, while persister populations (in the broadest sense K-strategists; c–p 4 nematodes) were stabilized, suggesting that plant diversity can stabilize and destabilize populations depending on the ecology of the focal taxa. The present study shows that changes in plant diversity and subsequent alterations in resource availability may significantly modify the compositional shifts of soil food webs in response to disturbances. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity–stability relationship Climate change Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) Soil microbial community Soil nematodes The Jena experiment |
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