氮肥运筹对南方优质常规晚粳产量和品质的影响

为探明南方双季稻区优质常规粳稻金农香粳1267的适宜氮肥运筹模式,设置6个施氮水平(CK,0;N1,165 kg/hm^2;N_2,210 kg/hm^2;N_3,255 kg/hm^2;N_4,300 kg/hm^2;N_5,345 kg/hm^2),并在N_3水平下设置3个氮肥运筹方式(NT_1,基蘖穗肥比例为4∶2∶4,穗肥于倒3叶施用;NT_2,基蘖穗肥比例为4∶2∶4,穗肥于倒4叶、倒2叶分2次等量施用;NT_3,基蘖穗粒肥比例为4∶2∶2∶2,穗肥于倒3叶施用),研究不同氮肥运筹模式对南方优质常规晚粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,产量呈先增后降的趋势,与N_3处理相比,CK、N_1、N_2、N_4和N_5处理产量分别降低37.1%、8.2%、5.7%、4.9%和10.0%,晚粳稻产量增加的主要原因是每穗粒数和千粒重的提高;在N_3水平下,NT_3处理产量最高,主要是由于每穗粒数的提高。随着施氮量的增加,晚粳稻的加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮与食味品质和营养品质得到改善;在N_3水平下,出糙率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和胶稠度均表现为NT_1>NT_2> NT_3,而直链淀粉含量和粗蛋白含量则反之。随施氮量的增加,RVA谱特征值中峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、崩解值和峰值时间均降低,而消减值、回复值和糊化温度呈增加的趋势;在N_3水平下,峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、崩解值和峰值时间均表现为NT_1

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of High-quality Conventional Late Japonica Rice in South China

LI Xing;WANG Yong;CHENG Chen;CHENG Huihuang;TAN Xueming;SHANG Qingyin;SHI Qinghua;ZENG Yongjun(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding /Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China/ Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)