Applying biofloc technology in the culture of juvenile of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818): Effects on zootechnical performance and water quality

The aim of this study was to assess the zootechnical performance and water quality of a cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) culture using biofloc technology (BFT) versus a system with daily water exchange (DWE). To do this, 180 juveniles (mean initial weight: 5.40 ± 0.19 g) were distributed in 12 circular plastic tanks with stocking densities of 20 or 40 individuals m³; then, they were cultured for 91 days. BFT treatments kept a C:N ratio approximately of 15:1. Temperature, pH and oxygen were monitored daily, while the other variables were measured weekly. Most productive variables were significantly influenced by both culture system and stocking density with significantly higher values of daily weight gain, total weight gain and total length for fish kept in DWE 20. However, only minor differences were observed within the BFT system. With the exception of the toxic nitrogen compounds (NH₄⁺ and NO₂^?), all the other water quality parameters were within the acceptable ranges for the cultivation of tropical fish. Microorganisms started to settle from the first week. A total of 23 genera were present, the most outstanding of which being seven genera of ciliates and three rotifers, rhizopods and chlorophytes. In conclusion, both systems BFT and DWE are useful for increasing the production of P. brachypomus in captivity. Additionally, the BFT system can potentially be applied for growing juveniles of this specie in regions with scarce water resources.