铁橡栎不同种源及家系种子的形态特征及变异

以铁橡栎4个种源的33个家系为研究材料,通过对种长、种宽、种形指数、单果重及千粒重等5个性状的测定,分析铁橡栎不同种源及家系间种子的形态特征及变异。结果表明:铁橡栎种子的5个性状在种源及家系间均存在着显著或极显著差异。种子的形态受遗传特性及环境因素的影响并具有一定的变化幅度,其中以单粒重及千粒重变异幅度较大,种长、种宽及种形指数3个性状更趋于稳定,种源间变异小于家系间的变异。种子的形状主要受遗传控制,且随着种子质量的增大及经纬度的升高呈“长圆形-圆形-扁圆形”的变化之势。种子的大小、形状及质量在不同种源及家系间均无明显的地理变异及垂直变异。影响铁橡栎种子形态特征的首要因子是种子的单粒重、千粒重和形状(种形指数),其次是纬度和海拔。综合种子形态特征及聚类分析的结果认为,8、10、12、14、16、19、22、26、29和31号家系共10个家系属种子质量较好的家系,其单粒重及千粒重分别为1.21~2.36 g和1222.73~2228.53 g,分别较总体平均值高1.1%~142.9%和3.6%~88.8%。种源则是弥勒和个旧种源较好。

Morphological Characteristics and Variation Analysis of Seeds from Different Provenances and Families of Quercus cocciferoides

The morphological characteristics and variation of seeds from 33 families of 4 Quercus cocciferoides provenances were analyzed by the determination of 5 traits including seed length,seed width,seed shape index,single fruit weight and 1000-seed weight.The results showed that there were significant/extremely significant differences in the 5 traits of Q.cocciferoides from different provenances and families.The seed morphology was affected by genetic characteristics and environmental factors and had a certain range of variation,among which the variation range of single grain weight and 1000-grain weight was larger while the traits of seeds length,seeds width and seeds shape index were more stable,and the variation between provenances was smaller than that between families.The shape of seeds was mainly controlled by heredity,and with the increase of seed mass and the elevation of latitude and longitude,it showed the tendency of“oblong-circular-oblate”.The size,shape and quality of seeds showed no obvious geographic and vertical variation among different provenances and families.The main factors affecting the morphological characteristics of Q.cocciferoides seeds were the single grain weight,the 1000-grain weight and the shape(seed shape index),followed by the latitude and altitude.The results of seed morphological characteristics and cluster analysis showed that the seed quality was better in 10 families(8,10,12,14,16,19,22,26,29 and 31),and the single seed weight and 1000-seed weight were 1.21-2.36 g and 1222.73-2228.53 g,respectively,which were 1.1%-142.9%and 3.6%-88.8%higher than the overall average.And,the better provenances of Q.cocciferoides from Mile and Gejiu areas.