酸角种质资源的保护和利用研究进展

酸角是一种用途广泛的热带特色资源植物,其果实营养丰富,可用作多种用途,具有很好的食品工业前景。与其他经济类果树相比,酸角种质资源的保护和利用研究相对滞后,严重制约了酸角种质创新和遗传改良。本文首先从酸角的起源与分布、全球种质资源的收集与保存、繁殖生物学特性以及优良品种的常规选育等方面介绍了酸角种质资源及创新利用现状;随后通过对酸角形态学研究、生态因子对其形态变异的影响以及居群遗传多样性的研究,综合分析了酸角遗传多样性研究取得的进展,并概括了分子标记技术在酸角遗传多样性研究中的应用;最后对酸角种质资源研究中存在的问题、标准及规范进行探讨,并就进一步的保护和利用提出具体建议,以期为今后酸角种质资源保护和遗传改良研究提供参考依据。

Advances in Protection and Utilization of Tamarindus indica L. Germplasm Resources

Tamarindus indica L.is a widely used tropical resource plant,its fruit is rich in nutrition and the trunk can be used for many uses.T.indica has a very high prospect in the development of food industry.Compared with other economic fruit trees,the research on the protection and utilization of T.indica germplasm resources is relatively lagging,which seriously restricts the innovation and genetic improvement of T.indica.In this paper,the origin and distribution,the collection and conservation of germplasm resources,the biological characteristics of reproduction,and the conventional breeding of fine varieties were introduced.Then,through the review of the morphology,the influence of ecological factors on the morphological variation and the genetic diversity of the population,the progress of the genetic diversity of T.indica was comprehensively analyzed.And the application of molecular marker technology in the study of genetic diversity of T.indica was summarized.Finally,the problems,standards and norms in the research of germplasm resources of T.indica were discussed,and specific suggestions for further protection and utilization were put forward,in order to provide reference for the future research on the protection and genetic improvement of germplasm resources of T.indica.