云南怒江州3种姜科香料植物茎叶化学成分的研究

为充分利用3种姜科植物的地上茎叶部分,本研究采用GC-MS和LC-MS方法比较了其化学组成差异,综合评价各自的特点,以期为拓宽姜科植物茎叶的应用提供依据。对采自云南怒江州的3种姜科不同香料植物草果、春砂仁、艳山姜地上部分的茎、叶分别采用80%甲醇、正己烷超声进行提取相应化学成分。采用LC-MS方法分析比较甲醇提取物中主要的6种姜科植物中具有抗癌抗炎等活性成分的含量差异,以评价地上部分在药理应用上的潜力。结果发现,各活性化合物在3种姜科植物茎叶中的含量均差异显著,春砂仁和艳山姜的茎中表儿茶素含量丰富,而草果茎以庚二醇为主。草果和艳山姜叶中奎尼酸和莽草酸含量较高,草果叶片中还有较低含量的庚二醇,艳山姜叶中有远高于另外两者的表儿茶素,而春砂仁叶片中仅检测到较低含量的奎尼酸。采用GC-MS方法分析正己烷提取物,综合分析3种姜科植物茎、叶的整体化学成分,以期发现具有潜在应用价值的化学成分。结果发现,三者茎、叶整体化学成分在数量和种类上均有明显差异。在春砂仁茎叶中发现有多种很高含量的香料成分或前体物质,如龙涎酮、桃金娘烯醇、β-蒎烯、法尼基酮等物质。在艳山姜茎叶中发现有较高含量的维生素E和去甲氧基醉椒素等活性物质。草果叶片中也含有一定量的己酸。上述物质在化工、医药等领域都有较大应用,该研究将为3种姜科植物茎叶的开发利用提供一定科学依据。

Chemical Constituents of Stem and Leaf of Three Species of Zingiberaceae Plants in Nujiang,Yunnan Province

To fully use the stem and leaf of the three species zingiberaceae plants from Nujiang, Yunnan, the chemical composition differences of the stem and leaf of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie, Amomum villosum Lour., Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt.et Smith were comprehensively evaluated. Six active compounds with anti-cancer, anti- inflammatory, and other activities were analyzed to evaluate the potential pharmacological application. The content of the active compounds in the stem and leaf of the plants was significantly different. Epicatechin was rich in the stem of A. villosum Lour. and A. zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, while heptanediol was rich in the stem of A. tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie, and quinic acid and shikimic acid were rich in the leaf of A. tsaoko and A. zerumbet. There was also a lower content of heptanediol in the leaves of A. tsaoko, much higher epicatechin content of in the leaf of A. zerumbet, while only a lower content of quinic acid in the leaf of A. villosum. The total chemical composition of n-hexane extract was analyzed by GC-MS to find out the composition with potential application value. The results showed that the total chemical composition of the stem and leaf was significantly different in the types and amount. Furthermore, perfume substitutes or precursors with high content were found in the stem and leaf of A. villosum, such as ambria, myrtenol, β-pinene, farnesylacetone, and so on. High content of vitamin E and 5,6-dehydrokavain and other active substances were found in the stem and leaf of A. zerumbet. 1-Hexanoic acid was also found in the leaf of A. tsaoko. This study would provide some references value for the development and utilization of the stem and leaf of the plants.