3种紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发性物质的异质性分析

紫苏属植物的叶具多种生物活性,且有特异性香气。为探究紫苏属不同植物鲜叶挥发性物质异同,以紫苏、白苏和柠檬紫苏为研究对象,采用固相微萃取进行富集提取,运用气相质谱对鲜叶挥发物进行分离鉴定。结果表明：（1）紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发物存在较显著差异。通过主成分分析,3种紫苏属植物的样本点分别独自聚为一类;（2）3种紫苏属植物高匹配（匹配度≥90%）、高相对含量（相对含量≥2%）的挥发物存在不同。柠檬紫苏为柠檬醛、顺式-柠檬醛和蘑菇醇等,紫苏为α-石竹烯、β-石竹烯和洋芹脑等,白苏则包括β-石竹烯、蘑菇醇和芳樟醇等;（3）3种紫苏属植物存在各自特异性挥发物。柠檬紫苏叶片中检测出特异性挥发物19种,为柠檬醛、β-柠檬醇等。紫苏有8种,如洋芹脑等。白苏有6种特异性挥发物,为芳樟醇等;（4）3种紫苏属植物同时存在4个共有挥发物,分别为β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯、β-石竹烯和蘑菇醇;（5）以所测挥发物为指标,通过聚类分析得到白苏和紫苏的样本聚为一个类群,而柠檬紫苏的样本单独聚为另一类群。本研究为紫苏属植物资源的进一步开发和利用提供依据。

Heterogeneity Analysis of Volatile Components of Fresh Leaves of Three Perilla Plants

The leaf Perilla is of specific aroma and of biological activitie. The similarities and differences of the volatile organic compounds in the fresh leaves of P. frutescens (NMZS), P. frutescens var. frutescens (BS) and P. frutescens var. frutescens (ZS) were studied. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to enrich and extract the volatile compounds. The volatile components were isolated and identified by GC-MS. The volatile components were significantly different in three Perilla plants. The three plants could be clustered into a single group by principal component analysis. The high matching (≥90%) and relatively high content (≥2%) volatile componets of three plants were different. The high matching and high content compounds of NMZS were 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)- 3,7- dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, 1-octen-3-ol etc., while those of ZS were α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, apiol etc., and those of BS were β-caryophyllene, 1-octen-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol etc. A total of 19 specific volatile components were fould in NMZS (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadienal etc.), eight in BS (Apiol etc.), and six in ZS (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol and so on). Common volatiles were also found, which were β-elemene, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene and 1-octen-3-ol. Cluster analysis result showed that BS and ZS could be clustered into one group, while NMZS was clustered into another group. The study would provide a basis for the further development and utilization of Perilla plants.