云南红河流域热带作物园区杂草组成及群落特征分析

采用相对优势度、物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数、群落相似性指数等生态学指标及聚类分析的方法,对4种作物地杂草进行分析。结果表明：该地区农田杂草共有116种,隶属于37个科,其中禾本科和菊科种数较多,分别占总数的21.55%和19.83%;鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）和牛筋草（Eleusine indica）在各作物园区普遍为害,为常年优势恶性杂草,应重点防控;各作物地杂草的多样性,橡胶地最高,其次为香蕉地,菠萝地和油梨地多样性较低;多样性指数的季相变化规律,4种作物地均表现为夏秋季高于冬春季;杂草群落相似性和聚类分析结果一致表明：菠萝蜜地与油梨地杂草群落相似度最高,其次为香蕉地与菠萝蜜地,再次为香蕉地与油梨地,橡胶地与其他3种作物地相似度均较低。

Weed Composition and Community Characteristics in Tropical Crop Plantation in Honghe River Watershed of Yunnan Province

The weeds in four crops were analyzed with ecological indexes,such as relative dominance,species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou index,community similarity index and the cluster analysis method.The results showed that there were 116 species of weeds belonging to 37 families in the farmland in the area,of which Gramineae and Compositae accounted for 21.55%and 19.83%respectively.Bidens pilosa and Eleusine indica were the dominant malignant weeds and should be controlled with an emphasis.Weed diversity for rubber plantation was the highest,followed by for banana plantation,jackfruit plantation and avocado plantation.The seasonal variation of diversity index of summer and autumn was higher than that of winter and spring.The similarity of weed community in jackfruit and avocado was the highest,followed by in banana and jackfruit,banana and avocado,rubber and other three crops were lower similarity.