火生态因子与土壤动物关系的研究

１９９０．９─－１９９２．５对中国科学院内蒙草原生态系统定位站羊草草原、退化草原、大针茅草原的火烧实验研究中发现：火生态因子对表聚性强和地表自由生活的土壤动物的直接致死作用明显，春季火烧致死作用大于秋季，火烧有可能作为草原控制害虫的一种手段。火烧后出现了新的生态空间，促成了土壤动物竞争新空间的过程，其中优势类群的膜翅类表现的最为突出；常见类群的半翅类、鳞翅类等也参与了这一过程。火生态因子的间接作用使优势类群中的姬蚯蚓类，鞘翅类数量下降。火烧后的恢复过程各类土壤动物有所不同，膜翅类、鞘翅类等恢复较快，螨类等火烧后变化大，恢复较缓慢。火烧实验启发我们，严格控制下的火烧有可能作为合理利用草原的一种手段。

THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRE AND SOIL ANIMALS

We studied the effect of fire on soil animals in Lymus chinense,the degenerated grassland and stipa grandis from Sept, 1990 to May, 1992. The results show:the most of soil animals of surface layer died after burning and formed a new space of ecology. Thus, the soil animals competed and tried to occupy this space. The superior groups (for example,Hymenoptera )and the common groups (for example. Hemiptera)of soil animals took partin this competition.The number of superior groups sach as Enchytraeidae and Coleoptera was reduced at the indirect effect of fire. The speeds of recovering of all soil animal groups were different after burning. Hymenoptera and coleoptera recovered fast,while Acarina changed greatly and recovered slowly. Thus,strictly controlled fire may be a reasonable method of using grassland.