几种水生观赏植物对城市污水的生理响应

主要研究了石菖蒲、泽泻、菖蒲、黄花鸢尾、千屈菜这5种常见水生观赏植物对城市污水的生理生化变化,分别在第5 d,10 d和15 d对植物叶片膜脂过氧化(MDA、电导率)、体内保护系统酶(CAT、POD)、非酶类(游离Pro)及根系活力等抗性生理指标进行测定,探讨植物抗污水逆境的能力。研究结果表明,不同植物适应污水环境能力不同。其中,黄花鸢尾在污水处理下的抗逆性最强,与对照相比其电导率和丙二醛含量变化不大,而一些植物在实验初期受到污水胁迫,电导率和丙二醛含量较对照有上升的现象;同时,实验初期黄花鸢尾中游离Pro含量、POD和CAT活性及根系活力的增强,菖蒲根系活力的增加,千屈菜POD、CAT酶活性的升高,泽泻根系活力、POD、CAT酶活性的升高,都是水生植物对污水环境的生理适应。黄花鸢尾抗逆性强,是一种值得推荐的净化污水的湿地植物。

Physiological Responses of Some Ornamental Hydrophytes to Urban Sewage

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of urban sewage on the physiological responses of five hydrophytes and to analyze the differences in their tolerances under sewage stress.Five common ornamental hydrophytes: Reinekea carnea(Andr.) Kunth.,Acorus gramineus Soland.,Alisma orientale(Sam.) Juzepcz,Acorus calamus L.,Iris pseudacorus Lim.,Lythrum salicaria L.were used to study levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),the levels of proline(Pro) and activities of peroxides(POD) and catalase(CAT) in their leaves,membrane permeability(MP) and activity of root under urban sewage for 5,10,15 days.Hydrophytes vary in tolerance to urban sewage.Among them,Iris pseudacorus Lim.exhibited highest tolerance,there were no significant differences in MP and MDA between control and Iris pseudacorus Lim.,while those in some other plants increased compared with control;On the other hand,the increase of levels of Pro,activities of POD,CAT and activity of root in Iris pseudacorus Lim.,enhanced activity of root in Acorus calamus L.,activities of POD,CAT in Lythrum salicaria L. and activities of POD,CAT and activity of root in Alisma orientale(Sam.) Juzepcz are physiological characteristics of hydrophytes related to tolerance under urban sewage stress.These ornamental hydrophytes are suitable for scavenging urban sewage and Iris pseudacorus Lim.is most recommendable one.