八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交后代中小麦染色体相互易位类型的鉴定

易位是一种常见的染色体变异类型，在小麦进化及育种进程中发挥了较大的作用。为给小麦育种改良提供新的材料，本研究采用非变性原位杂交（ND-FISH）技术，对八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦品种川麦107杂交产生的高代稳定品系进行分析鉴定。结果发现，4个小麦品系TC、19Y-145、19Y-185和19Y-200分别在7B与3D、2D与3B、7B与4D和3B与3D染色体之间发生了相互易位。在TC、19Y-145中，易位断裂点发生在着丝粒区域，分别形成3DS·7BS和3DL·7BL、2DS·3BS和2DL·3BL相互易位染色体。在19Y-185中，易位断裂点发生在7B染色体的长臂和4D染色体的短臂上，构成4DS-7BS·7BL和4DL·4DS-7BL相互易位染色体。在19Y-200中，易位断裂点发生在3B染色体和3D染色体的长臂上，形成3DL-3BS·3BL和3DS·3DL-3BL相互易位染色体。在这4种易位类型中，除3B与3D染色体易位有报道外，其余3种均为新的易位类型。推测这些染色体相互易位类型可能与四川独特的环境气候有关。本研究获得的小麦染色体有益相互易位类型，不仅能够拓宽小麦的遗传基础，也可为研究小麦的染色体变异和种质创新提供新的材料。

Identification of Reciprocal Translocation Types of Wheat Chromosomes in the Hybrid Progenies of Thinopyruminter medium and Common Wheat

Translocation is a common type of chromosomal variation,which plays an important role in wheat evolution and breeding practice.In order to provide new materials for wheat breeding,in this study,the chromosomal constitutions were precisely determined in four wheat advanced lines,named as TC,19Y-145,19Y-185 and 19Y-200,respectively,derived from the hybrid progenies of amphiploid of wheat-Thinopyruminter medium and a common wheat Chuanmai 107 using the non-denaturing in situ hybridization(ND-FISH) with multiple probes. The ND-FISH results showed that the chromosome reciprocal translocation took place in the four wheat lines.TC and 19Y-145 were 7B-3D and 3B-2D translocation lines,with the translocation breakpoints located at the centromere. TC contains 3DS·7BS and 3DL·7BL,and 19Y-145 contains 2DS·3BS and 2DL·3BL translocation chromosomes.The breakpoints occurred on the long arm of 7B and short arm of 4D and the translocation chromosomes were 7BS·7BL-4DS and 7BL·4DS·4DL in line 19Y-185 while line 19Y-200 has the 3BS·3BL-3DL and 3DS·3DL-3BLtranslocation chromosomes,and the translocation breakpoints located at the long arm of 3B and 3D chromosomes. The translocation of between 3B and 3D chromosomes has been reported previously,and the other three translocations were new types. The four translocation types selected from the advanced lines of the hybrid progenies of amphiploid of wheat-Thinopyruminter medium and common wheat might have geographic adaptability to the unique environment in Sichuan. Production of these translocation types can broaden the wheat genetic diversity and provide new materials for the study of chromosome variation and germplasm innovation in wheat.