生物炭原位添加对养殖池塘底泥中微生物群落结构的影响

为深入了解生物炭添加对养殖底泥微生物群落结构的影响，采用高通量测序方法，分析了在养殖池塘现场原位修复期间，养殖底泥中微生物群落的变化特征。结果显示：添加小麦秸秆生物炭修复期间，Simpson多样性指数先降低后逐渐升高，在第42 d时指数达到最低（0.16），Shannon指数与Chao1指数以及OTU数的变化也呈现相似的规律，即在第42 d时生物丰度达到最大值。养殖底泥细菌中门水平优势细菌相对丰度发生改变，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度显著提高，而酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）的相对丰度降低。Heatmap图也呈现出相似的结果，即Ardenticatenales、芽单胞菌科属（Gemmatimonadaceae）、bacteriap25和棒状杆菌属（Rokubacteriales）的相对丰度出现了先增加后降低的趋势。研究表明，养殖底泥中添加小麦秸秆生物炭可以改善微生物的群落结构，进而有助于底泥中多环芳烃等有机污染物的降解去除。

Effects of in-situ biochar amendment on the microbial community structure of sediments in aquaculture ponds

To understand the impact of in-situ biochar addition on the microbial community structure of sediments in aquaculture ponds, the microbial structure of the sediments was analyzed during in-situ remediation with biochar, using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the Simpson diversity index first decreased and then gradually increased during the experiment with wheat straw biochar amendment. And the index reached its lowest(0.16) at 42 days. Similar variations were also observed in the Shannon index, Chao1 index and OTU number. The relative abundance of the dominant bacteria at the phylum level varied in the sediments. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased significantly, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi decreased. A heatmap chart also showed that the relative abundance of Ardenticatenales, Gemmatimonadaceae, bacteriap25, and Rokubacteriales decreased after first increasing, which was consistent with the previous results. Therefore, adding wheat straw biochar to the sediments is beneficial to the growth and the development of microorganisms and changes the community structure.