不同播种方式对有机小麦产量及田间杂草的影响

为探明不同幅宽条播和覆膜穴播对河套灌区有机春小麦的产量、开花期农艺性状、杂草发生程度及经济效益的影响，设置覆膜穴播（FM）、宽幅16 cm条播（KF16）、宽幅7 cm条播（KF7）、窄幅窄行11 cm条播（ZF11）、窄幅宽行15 cm条播（ZF15）共5种不同播种方式，研究了不同处理下有机小麦开花期农艺性状、籽粒产量、杂草密度及各生育时期杂草干物质量和经济效益的差异。结果表明，与ZF15处理相比，FM处理显著提高了有机小麦开花期株高、旗叶长、旗叶面积、单株叶面积、旗叶SPAD值，KF16处理明显改善了旗叶光合速率，而KF7和ZF11处理的叶面积指数显著低于其他处理；FM、KF16、ZF11、KF7处理的籽粒产量较ZF15处理分别提高了33.0%、27.2%、21.5%、14.9%；KF16和FM处理的杂草总密度和杂草干物质量较ZF15降低了  75.6%、92.8%和73.9%、81.4%，纯收益分别增加了7 680.4元·hm^-2和7 246.7元·hm^-2。经相关分析，杂草干物质量与有机小麦产量呈显著或极显著负相关。综上所述，宽幅16 cm条播和覆膜穴播可有效降低杂草密度及干物质量，促进小麦生长发育，提高有机小麦籽粒产量。

Effect of Different Sowing Modes on the Weed Community and Yield of Organic Wheat

In order to explore the effect of different width drilling and hole sowing with plastic film mulching on yield, agronomic traits at flowering stage, occurrence degree of weeds and economic benefits of organic spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area, five different sowing methods were set up:hole sowing with plastic film mulching(FM), 16 cm wide drilling(KF16), 7 cm wide drilling(KF7), 11 cm narrow drilling(ZF11) and 15 cm narrow drilling(ZF15). The differences of agronomic traits at anthesis, grain yield, weed density, dry matter mass and economic benefits of organic wheat were studied under different treatments. The results showed that FM significantly increased the plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, leaf area per plant, and flag leaf SPAD at anthesis of organic wheat; KF16 improved the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, while KF7 and ZF11 had significantly lower LAI than other treatments. The grain yield of FM, KF16, ZF11, KF7 were increased by 33.0%, 27.2%, 21.5% and 14.9% compared with that of ZF15. The weed density and weed biomass of KF16 and FM were reduced by 75.6%, 92.8% and 73.9%, 81.4%, respectively, and the economic benefit was increased by 7 680.4 yuan·hm^-2 and 7 246.7 yuan·hm^-2, compared with those of ZF15. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between weed biomass and organic wheat yield. In summary, wide-width 16 cm and mulching hole sowing are beneficial to the formation of a reasonable population of organic wheat, reduce the density of weeds and weed biomass, and increase the grain yield of organic wheat. In conclusion, hole sowing with plastic film mulching under KF16 can effectively reduce weed density and dry matter mass, promote wheat growth and development, and improve the grain yield of organic wheat.