利用流式细胞术鉴定杏及其部分近缘植物的倍性

果树多倍体生长旺盛、果实大且无籽或少籽、产量高、适应性和抗性强，多倍体砧木能够诱导嫁接植株矮化、提高植株对干旱等非生物胁迫的耐受能力。基于多倍体的诸多优点，发掘、培育与利用多倍体种质资源是果树育种的重要内容。利用流式细胞术鉴定植物倍性技术简单、效率高、结果准确。为了鉴定150 份杏、7份李和9份李杏砧木种质资源的倍性，发掘多倍体资源，采集其幼嫩叶片，利用Partec试剂盒制备细胞核悬液及染色，通过流式细胞仪检测DNA相对含量。以二倍体杏品种''巴斗''为外标，其他种质资源DNA相对含量值与其比较，确定各自倍性水平，若与二倍体''巴斗''DNA相对含量比值近似1，为二倍体；比值近似2，为四倍体；比值近似3，为六倍体。结果表明：150份杏均为二倍体；7份李资源中，2份欧洲李和1份黑刺李为六倍体，4份杏李为二倍体；9份李杏砧木资源中二倍体5份，四倍体1份，六倍体3份。

Ploidy Identification of Germplasm Resources of Apricot and Its Wild Relatives by Flow Cytometry

Fruit polyploid has many advantages such as vigorous growth, large fruit and seedless, high yield, better adaptability and strong stress resistance. Polyploid rootstock can induce dwarfness of grafted plant, improve their tolerance to drought and other abiotic stress. Based on many advantages of polyploidy,it is the important things to find, breed and utilize polyploidy germplasm resources.Flow cytometry is a simple, efficient and accurate technique for identifying plant ploidy. To identify the ploidy of 166 germplasm resources (150 apricots, 7 plums and 9 rootstocks), fresh and young leaves were collected, from which nucleus suspensions were prepared and stained by using the Partec kit, and relative content of DNA were measured by a flow cytometer. An apricot cultivar ''Badou'',which had been confirmed to be a diploid, was used as the external reference.If the ratio was near 1,2 or 3, the sample would be identified as a diploid, tetraploid or hexaploid, respectively.The results showed that all the 150 apricots are diploids. In the 7 plums, there are 3 hexaploids and 4 diploids. While in the 9 rootstocks, 5 diploids, 1 tetraploid and 2 hexaploids are identified.