外源激素处理接穗对海南油茶高接换冠的影响

【目的】研究外源激素处理油茶接穗后进行高接换冠对嫁接成活率及生长的影响,探索提高油茶高接换冠成活率和促进新梢生长的方法。【方法】以海南本地实生油茶苗造林的8年生油茶树为砧木,选用3种外源激素(NAA、IAA、GA3)的3种质量浓度(50、150、250 mg/L)和3种处理方式(速蘸1~2 s、接后喷施、浸泡15 min),采用正交设计L9(34)进行高接换冠试验,以不做任何处理为对照(CK)。嫁接后调查接口愈伤组织形成率、嫁接成活率、接穗抽梢率和枝条生长量,并测定新梢叶片的生理特性等指标。【结果】3种外源激素对油茶的嫁接均有促进作用,不同外源激素的最适浓度不同,最优处理为50 mg/L NAA速蘸接穗。在最优处理中,嫁接40 d时愈伤组织形成率为97.89%,比对照高10.11百分点;嫁接成活率为97.78%,比对照高12.22百分点;抽梢率为92.22%,比对照高26.67百分点。枝条生长量也显著高于其他处理,嫁接60 d时的枝条长度为12.51 cm,粗度为3.30 mm,嫁接120 d时的枝条长度为64.56 cm,粗度为6.35 mm。使用适当浓度的外源激素处理的接穗进行嫁接能增加叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,并提高SOD、POD、CAT的活性,说明在进行油茶高接换冠时使用适宜浓度的外源激素处理接穗可以提高新梢叶片的生理抗性,为枝条的生长提供了有利条件。【结论】在进行海南油茶的高接换冠时,使用适当浓度的外源激素处理接穗,可加快接口愈伤组织形成,提高嫁接成活率,促进接穗萌芽和枝条生长,但在选择不同外源激素处理接穗辅助嫁接时,需要控制处理浓度和处理时间。

Effects of using exogenous hormones treat Camellia hainanica scions on crown replacement by top grafting in Hainan

【Objective】Studying effects of using exogenous hormones treat scions on survival rate and growth of Camellia hainanica after crown replacement by top grafting,and exploring some ways to improve survival rate of crown replacement by top grafting and promote growth of new shoots.【Method】Some 8-year-old C.hainanica trees planted with local seedlings in Hainan were used as rootstocks.Through L9(34)orthogonal design,three kinds of exogenous hormones(NAA,IAA,GA3)were used at three mass concentrations(50,150,250 mg/L)and three treatment methods(quick dipping for 1-2 s,spraying after soaking,and soaking for 15 min)in crown replacement by top grafting,with no treatment as control.After grafting,interface callus formation rate,grafting survival rate,scion germination rate and branch increment were investigated,and some physiological characteristics of leaves were determined.【Result】All three exogenous hormones can promote grafting of C.hainanica,but optimum concentrations of different exogenous hormones are different.The optimal treatment is quick dipping scion in 50 mg/L NAA solution.In the optimal treatment,after grafting and lasting for 40 days,callus formation rate(97.89%)is 10.11 percentage points higher than the control,grafting survival rate(97.78%)is 12.22 percentage points higher than the control,shooting rate(92.22%)is 26.67 percentage points higher than the control.Shoot increment is significantly higher than that of other treatments,branch length is 12.51 cm and branch diameter is 3.30 mm after grafting and lasting for 60 days,and branch length is 64.56 cm and branch diameter is 6.35 mm after grafting and lasting for 120 days.Contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves are increased,activities of SOD,CAT and POD are promoted,after using suitable concentrations of exogenous hormones treat scions.It indicated that using suitable concentrations of exogenous hormones treat scions during crown replacement by top grafting can improve physiological resistance of leaves in new shoot and provide some favourable conditions for growth of shoots.【Conclusion】During crown replacement by top grafting in C.hainanica,using suitable concentrations of exogenous hormones treat scions can accelerate formation of interface callus,increase grafting survival rate,and promote scion germination and shoot growth.When using different exogenous hormones treat scions for assisted grafting,it is necessary to control treatment concentration and treatment time.