我国杜仲产业高质量发展的基础、问题与对策

杜仲为我国十分重要的国家战略资源树种,既是世界上极具发展潜力的优质天然橡胶资源,又是我国特有的名贵药材和木本油料树种,也是维护生态安全、增加碳汇、国家储备林建设、实现绿色养殖的重要树种,广泛应用于航空航天、国防、交通、电力、通讯、化工、水利、医疗、体育、农林等领域。从我国杜仲的国家战略地位出发,论述了杜仲产业高质量发展的技术基础和科技支撑成效。经过我国科技工作者数十年的不懈努力,已定向选育出果用、雄花用、叶用和果材药兼用系列杜仲良种,为我国杜仲产业高质量发展提供了优质资源基础;创新了杜仲果园化栽培模式、杜仲雄花园、短周期叶用林、果材药兼用国家储备林栽培等新的栽培模式与技术,突破了杜仲资源高效栽培的技术瓶颈;杜仲橡胶绿色提纯及其在高性能轮胎、军事国防等领域中的应用研究取得重要突破;以α-亚麻酸软胶囊为代表的杜仲籽油产品、以杜仲雄花为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶等系列产品、以杜仲叶片为原料生产的杜仲功能饲料及其畜禽健康产品、杜仲功能型食用菌等产品的研发与资源的高效利用,促使杜仲由单一药用迅速扩展到杜仲橡胶、木本油料等国家战略资源的全面开发,杜仲产业链条进一步完善,杜仲综合效益显著提升,杜仲资源高值化利用技术有力支撑了产业发展。但是,我国杜仲产业发展仍存在适宜现代杜仲产业发展的良种资源严重不足、杜仲橡胶规模化高效提纯及产品研发技术瓶颈亟待突破、产业化水平及政府支持力度较低、社会认知度不够等问题。今后要加强杜仲产业发展的顶层谋划,加快构建杜仲现代产业体系,强化杜仲科技创新及技术推广体系建设,加快构建杜仲产业发展政策支持体系,促使杜仲产业成为我国精准脱贫与乡村振兴的重要力量,推动我国战略资源产业及大健康产业的可持续发展。

Foundation,problems and countermeasures of Eucommia ulmoides industry high-quality development in China

Eucommia ulmoides is an important and strategic national resource in China.It is not only natural high-quality rubber resources with great development potential in the world,but also unique herbal medicine and woody edible oil resources.It is one of the most important tree species for safeguarding ecological safety,enhancing carbon sinks,constructing national reserve forests,and achieving green culture of domestic animals,which can be widely used in the fields of aerospace,national defense,transportation,electric powers,communications,chemical lines,water conservancy,medical treatment,sports,agriculture and forestry,and so on.Proceeding from national strategic position of E.ulmoides in China,technological foundation and scientific supporting effect of high-quality development of E.ulmoides industry were expatiated.Through decades of unremitting efforts,Chinese scientists have selected some series of fine E.ulmoides cultivars and varieties for high-yield fruit,male flower,leaf,and fruit-timber-medical,aiming at providing some fine resources for high-quality development of E.ulmoides industry in China.Innovation of culture models and techniques break technical bottleneck of efficient cultivation of E.ulmoides resources,such as orchard-like culture model,male flower intensive plantation,short-rotation coppice,and national reserve forest plantations.Researches on E.ulmoides rubber environmental friendly purification and its application in high performance tyres and military defense field have been made some important breakthroughs.Owing to efficient utilization and product development(E.ulmoidesα-linolenic acid capsules,male flower tea,functional feed and livestock products,functional edible fungi),E.ulmoides has rapidly expanded from single medicinal product to comprehensive development of national strategic resources,such as E.ulmoides rubber and woody oil.E.ulmoides industrial chain is further improved,comprehensive benefits are significantly improved,and high-value utilization technology of E.ulmoides resource strongly supported industrial development.However,development of E.ulmoides industry in China still faced some problems,such as heavily shortage of superior variety resources fitting modern E.ulmoides industry development,breakthrough of technical bottleneck of scaled efficient purification and product development of E.ulmoides rubber,low level of industrialization and governmental support,insufficient social awareness,and so on.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen top-level plan,to accelerate modern E.ulmoides industry system construction,to strengthen establishment of technology innovation and promotion system,and to speed establishment of policy support system for E.ulmoides industry development,in order to promote E.ulmoides industry become an important force for precision poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and promote sustainable development of strategic resources and great health industries in China.