生态涵养发展区农业景观规划方法及其应用

科学合理的农业景观规划方法是新农村建设体系中的一项核心技术。该研究以北京远郊生态涵养发展区峪口镇为例,在农业景观主导功能分类基础上,基于适宜性评价与实地勘踏访谈等方法,进行农业生产景观、农村聚落景观、农业服务设施景观和农业生态景观专项规划设计,然后按照"农业生态优先、农业生产次之、农业服务设施再次和农业旅游休闲景观最后"的原则,利用景观生态学的"基质——斑块——廊道"组合原理和分区权衡的方法,优化农业景观空间组合,形成研究区农业景观总体布局。研究表明,在峪口镇农业景观规划布局中,农业景观基质为粮菜生产区、经济林果生产区、农业生态保护区等,斑块为农业旅游休闲和农村聚落景观等,廊道为道路、河流、生态缓冲廊道等。该研究结果为区域美丽乡村建设提供了有力的技术手段和科学支撑。

Planning methodology of agricultural landscape and its application in ecological conservation development area

Abstract: Scientific and rational planning methodology of agricultural landscape is a core technology of China new countryside construction systems. Scientific approach of agricultural landscape planning is directly related to scientificity, practicability and feasibility of agricultural landscape planning. However, landscape planning approach lacks in the new countryside construction of China. In order to meet the requirements of the new countryside construction, the scientific and integrated planning methodology of agricultural landscape was proposed. In this paper, the definition of agricultural landscape was determined. Agricultural landscape could be defined as mosaics of patches serving agricultural production outside the town. It includes farmland, woodland, orchard, water conservancy facilities, rural roads, rural settlements and other ecosystems. On the basis of dominant landscape functional classification and mapping, agricultural landscapes were classed into 4 classes namely agricultural production landscape, agricultural ecological landscape, agricultural service and facility landscape and rural settlement landscape. These four categoties of landscape were planned respectively, unreasonable agricultural landscape units were adjusted. Based on the natural suitability evaluation of the agricultural production landscape, the paper carried out zoning plan of agricultural production landscape. On the basis of field survey and evaluation on service facilities of the agricultural landscape, the roads landscape and the agricultural tourism and leisure landscape were specially planned. As for results of the suitability evaluation on rural settlement landscape, the rural settlement landscape was divided into different development types and then its internal structure was planned. The agro-ecological landscape was planned from the ecological protection areas, ecological corridors of rivers and ecological corridor of traffic, respectively. Taking advantage of the combination theory of 'Matrix-Patch-Corridor' in landscape ecology and the method of zoning tradeoff, overall layout maps of the agricultural landscape planning were made according to the basic principles of 'agro-ecological is prior, agricultural production is the second, followed by agricultural services and facilities and agricultural tourism and leisure landscape is the last'. A case study on agricultural landscape planning was carried out in Yukou town of the ecological conservation development area of Pinggu District, Beijing. Agricultural landscape matrix in agricultural landscape layout plan of Yukou Town was: Agricultural production landscape areas, economic fruit production areas, and agro-ecological protection areas and so on. The patch was the agricultural agro-tourism area and rural settlement landscape area. The corridor was roads, rivers, ecological buffer areas, etc. By using GIS, the overall layout maps of agricultural landscape planning of Yukou town were drawn. Research showed that the function zones of the agricultural landscape layout plan were explicitly and definitely designed at both spatial and temporal scale in the case study area. During the planning and implementation process, the new countryside could be constructed according to comprehensive layout of agriculture landscape planning. The results could provide theoretical support and technical means for the agricultural landscape planning in the beautiful countryside construction.