中国高梁千粒重的遗传模型测验

应用两组 5× 5完全双列杂交设计研究了中国高粱千粒重的遗传。结果表明 :中国高粱千粒重的遗传符合加性 -显性模型 ,加性效应和显性效应均存在 ,加性效应更加重要 ;有 3个主效基因控制着千粒重的遗传 ,大粒对小粒为显性 ,且为超显性 ;亲本的显性基因频率 (p)和隐性基因频率 (q)无差异 ;不育系 2 731(γ 2 731)、二黑高 (二黑早 )显性基因多 ,易配出大粒杂交种 ,矬 1(矬 2、白矬 3)隐性基因多 ,需与大粒恢复系杂交才能获得大粒杂交种。

Test on Models of Grain Weight Inheritance of Chinese Sorghum

Two 5×5 complete diallel data were used to study the inheritance of grain weight of Kaoliang. The results showed that the inheritance of grain weight of Chinese sorghum followed an additive-dominant inheritance model. There were both additive-dominant effect and additive effects, the latter was more important. The inheritance of grain weight were controlled by three genes. Large grain was dominant to small grain and it was a superdominance. There was no significant difference between the frequencies of dominant gene (p) and recessive gene (q). More dominant genes were found in the sterile line 2731（γ　2731）and Erheigao, with which hybrid with large grain could be easily made. More resessive genes were found in lines Cuo　1(Cuo　2,Baicuo　3) and they must be crossed with R. Line to get hybrid with large grain.