省沽油生物学特性研究

在野外观测研究了中心分布区4～5 a省沽油的形态特征、开花结实习性以及物候期,结果表明:(1)在河南省桐柏县,5 a省沽油树高162.5 cm,主干枝条地径1.9 cm,结果枝条45～50根·株-1,花序468个·株-1,座果率17%,风干种子产量0.4 kg·株-1·a-1;(2)每株的主干枝条数、每根主干枝条结果枝条数、每根结果枝条花序数、每个花序的花朵数、鲜花序质量、蒴果座果率、蒴果质量以及每个蒴果内的种子数8个性状变异较大,可以作为选育优良无性系的重要观测性状;(3)安徽省石台县、湖北省大悟县和河南省桐柏县物候节律相对一致,没有明显差异,萌动期、现蕾期、展叶期、开花期和落叶期相对比较集中,持续20～30 d,而蒴果成熟期和脱落期持续40～50 d,蒴果生长期和休眠期长达95～110 d.

Study on the BiologicalCharacteristics of Staphy lea bumalda DC.

The morpho log ical characteristics, f low erring-fru it ing habits and phonological periods of 4 ~ 5-year-oldS taphy lea bumalda in distribution centerw ere stud ied systema tica lly by w ild observation, thema in results are as fo llow s: ( 1) Them ean height and ground d iam eter of trees at the age o f 5 w as 162. 5 cm and 1. 9 cm in Tongba i ofHe# nan respect ive ly. There w ere 45~ 50 fruited branches in every c luster tree. A fter productive per iod, therew ere468 inflorescencesw ith a fruit percentage o f17%, and 0. 4 kg of air-dr ied seedsw as harvested from each tree. ( 2)8 characters, that is, number o fma in branches per tree, number o f fru ited branches per ma in branch, number ofin florescences per fruited branch, number of flow ers per in flo rescence, mass of every fresh in flo rescence, fru it ra teof capsule, mass of every capsule and seed number o f every capsule, had a bigger variat ion among trees and couldbe considered as importan t testing characters for the cho ice and breed ing of super clones. ( 3 ) The pheno log icalrhy thm s of trees in d ifferen t sites of Sh ita i of Anhu,i Dawu o fHube i and Tongbai o fHe# nan w ere consistent and nodist inct d ifference. The per iods of sprou ting, budding, frondesce, b lossom and defo liation w ere concentrative andlasting only for 20~ 30 days, w hile the periods o f fructescence and absc ission lasted for 40~ 50 days, and the periods of fru it grow th and plan t dormancy w ere about 95~ 110 days.