单季杂交晚稻产量与产量构成因素分析

福建省单季晚稻面积大,产量低,是山区水稻低产的主要原因之一。种植杂交水稻是提高单季稻产量的有效途径。然而,栽培技术得当与否,杂交水稻的产量悬殊很大。为了明确产量的限制因素和探索相适应的高产栽培途径,促进全面平衡增产,本研究应用通径分析方法,分析了270块单季杂交晚稻田产量与产量构成因素的关系。初步获得结论:(1)源足库小是产量的主要限制因素;(2)增加单位面积的颖花总数是增产的关键;(3)增产的途径:低产田(800斤/亩以下)要大幅度增加每亩有效穗数;中产田(800～1000斤/亩)以增加每穗粒数为主;高产田(1000斤/亩以上)应穗粒兼顾,促进粒多粒重。

AN ANALYSIS OF THE YIELDS AND YIELD COMPONENTS ON THE LATE SINGLE-CROPPING HYBRID RICE

The widely adopted cultivation of the single-croppig rice in the mountainous regions of Fujian created a big area of production but with rather low yield.In order to increase the yield,introduction of hybrid rice should be considered as a good way to improve rice harvest in these regions.However.it is also important to employ proper techniques in the cultivation of hybrid rice so as to insure stable high yield.Before the development of intensive rice cultivation,we have to find out just what limiting factors governing the stable high yield in this crop.Thus.the author studied the correlated response of yields and yield components through a path coefficient analysis in 270 plots of the late single-cropping hybrid rice. Preliminary results of the investigation showed that three major aspects must be taken into consideration.Firstly,competent supply of the metabolic source must be in congruent with the metabolic pool,or else the limiting factor will become the problem of increasing yield.Secondly,the increment of spikelet numbers per unit area should be considered as the key link for promoting the yield.Thirdly,the ways of raising crop yield in the low, medium,and high production fields should be considered separately and created with different measures.Those low yielding fields with such quota below 800 jin per mu,the measure is to increase the number of effective panicles in a wide range.As to the medium yielding fields with such quota of 800-1000 jin per mu.efforts must be taken to increase the number of grains per panicle.The high yielding fields with over 1000 jin per mu,both the number of grains per panicle as well as the weight of grains should be augmented.