核果类果树褐腐病在重庆的发生与防治初报

近年随着乡村产业调整和果业发展, 褐腐病在我国的发生呈加重趋势。本文对重庆地区核果类果树褐腐病的发生状况做了调查分析, 在室内通过平板及离体果实试验, 筛选拮抗菌和化学药剂, 为田间防治实践提供科学依据。主要结果如下:桃褐腐病在重庆普遍发生, 核果类果树均易感, 病原菌经鉴定为果生链核盘菌Monilinia fructicola; 系统调查初步分析发现, 降雨时间与李褐腐病发生发展关系最密切, 其与病情指数增幅的相关系数R=0.94(P<0.05); 平板对峙和离体桃果筛选, 获得2株有生防潜力的放线菌YLS5-2和YYDB3-1, 二者的抑菌率分别为91.3%和84.5%, 相对防效分别为65.1%和67.1%, 可能具有较好的应用前景; 平板毒力测定和离体桃果控病试验, 效果最优的化学药剂分别为戊唑醇、苯甲·丙环唑, 其中戊唑醇在推荐浓度处理96 h其离体果实防效仍维持在100%水平。

Preliminary study on the incidence and control of brown rot on stone fruit trees in Chongqing

With the adjustment and development of countryside production, brown rot is getting more serious in China. In this study, the incidence of brown rot on stone fruit trees was investigated and control experiments in vitro peaches were conducted in laboratory. The results indicated that brown rot disease occurred generally in Chongqing areas, and all stone fruits were susceptible to the pathogen, which was finally identified as Monilinia fructicola after single spore isolation. The systematic investigation suggested the rainfall time (h) was the main factor affecting disease increase, with the positive correlation coefficient of 0.94. The inhibiting effects of two actinomycetes strains YLS5-2, YYDB3-1 were 91.3% and 84.5% against M.fructicola on plates, while the relative control efficacies were 65.1% and 67.1% to peach brown rot in vitro fruits, respectively, suggesting that they had potential application prospects in field control. The results of toxicity detection and control tests of six fungicides showed tebuconazole and benzoyl propiconazole had better effects, especially tebuconazole showing more persistent control efficacy in vitro peach fruits in recommended concentrations within 96 hours.