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Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology
Authors:Opdam  Paul  Foppen  Ruud  Vos  Claire
Institution:(1) ALTERRA, Department of Landscape Ecology and Department of Environmental Sciences, Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University Research Centre, Postbus 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Abstract:Landscapes are studied by pattern (the geographical approach) and by process (the ecological approach within landscape ecology). The future of landscape ecology depends on whether the two approaches can be integrated. We present an approach to bridge the gap between the many detailed process studies on species, and applied activities such as landscape evaluation and design, which require integrated knowledge. The approach consists of four components: 1) Empirical case studies of different scales, organisms and processes. 2) Modeling studies to extrapolate empirical studies across space and time. 3) Modeling studies to produce guidelines and standards for landscape conditions. 4) Methods and tools for integration to the landscape level, which can be built into multidisciplinary tools for design and evaluation. We conclude that in the landscape ecological literature, the steps 1 and 2 are well represented, whereas the steps 3 and 4 are mostly neglected. We challenge landscape ecologists to push landscape ecology to a higher level of maturation and to further develop its profile as a problem-oriented science.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.
Keywords:application of empirical data  dispersal corridors  habitat network  integration of pattern and process approach  landscape planning  metapopulation studies
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