花卉蔬菜秸秆对水环境影响的模拟研究

农田秸秆废弃物是导致面源污染的主要来源，云南滇池流域是中国重要的鲜切花、蔬菜生产地和集散地，年加工流通蔬菜、花卉量达400万t以上，同时也产生了大量的废弃物，大量农田固体废弃物的富集，加大了滇池流域面源污染治理的难度。笔者选择流域内5种代表性的蔬菜、花卉秸秆，分别进行浸入试验和人工模拟降雨试验，研究其对水质的影响。结果表明：（1）浸入试验中，在相同水平的秸秆投加量下，TN、TP在秸秆投入水中约14和21天左右达到最大值；蔬菜秸秆在水体中TN、TP的总释放量明显高于花卉秸秆；水体TN、TP含量与秸秆投加量均成显著正相关。（2）人工模拟降雨试验中，蔬菜花卉秸秆TN、TP均在中雨强度下达到最大值，且蔬菜秸秆TN、TP的总释放量高于花卉秸秆。

Simulation Research of Impacts on Water Environment from Flowers and Vegetables Straw

Straw waste is a major source of non-point source pollution. Yunnan Dianchi Lake basin is the production base and distribution center of fresh cut flowers and vegetables in China. Vegetables and flowers in processing and circulation are more than 4 million tones every year and generate a mass of waste at the same time. Those farmland solid wastes increase the difficulty in dealing with the non-point source pollution of the Dianchi Lake basin. The author selected 5 representative basin vegetables and flower stalks, and conducted immersion test and artificial rainfall simulation experiment in order to study the effects on water quality. The results showed that: (1) in the immersion test, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water reached the maximum at about 14 days and 21 days under the same level of straw dosing quantity, and the TN and TP of vegetable stalks were significantly higher than that of flower stalks, there was a significant positive correlation between TN, TP and the straw dosing quantity; (2) in the artificial rainfall simulation experiment, the TN and TP for vegetable and flower stalks reached the maximum value under moderate rain intensity, meanwhile, the TN and TP of the vegetable stalks were higher than that of flower stalks.