渭河水患成因与治理对策初探

渭河水患已严重影响到渭河下游两岸人民生命财产安全.通过对历史洪峰流量与洪水水位的对比分析、文献资料分析和实际调查等方法,得出渭河水患的主要成因是:渭河上游黄土高原地区毁林开荒,造成水土流失,加大了泥沙量;下游两岸防洪堤坝的修建,限制了河水流动范围,影响行洪泻洪,造成泥沙沉积.黄河三门峡工程的修建,加剧了泥沙沉积,抬高了河床高度,使渭河成为地上悬河,遇到洪水极易毁堤,形成水灾.治理渭河首先要理清思路,在方法和措施上要有突破和创新,在治渭方略上要以疏为主,疏堵结合,关键是要降低河床高度.要综合治理,工程措施与生物措施并举,科学调水调沙,退田还河.惟有这样,方可确保渭河安澜.

Causes of Flood Disaster of the Weihe River and Its Countermeasures

Flood disaster has seriously influenced people's safety of lives and property in the lower reaches of Weihe River. The purpose of this article is to analyze the causes of the disaster and its prevention. The main causes are found through contrasting and analy zing flood amount and level in history, such as deforestation for farming in the upper reaches and building of embankments in the lower reaches which affects the stability of river conditions and impede the smooth passage of floodwater. Due to Sanmenx ia Reserv oirs operation, heavy silting raises the riverbed in the main channel and makes flood disaster easily happen. To handle this problem, firstly we should have the right thoughts and make the breakthrough and innovation on the way and prevention. We should mainly take dredging, combine dredging and blocking tog ether, and lower river bed to solve the problem. In addition, we should reinforce river bank, combine engineering with biological practices, make scientific water and sediment transportation, and return the field to river. All of these should be done to guarantee the safety of Weihe River.