世界葡萄抗寒育种的成就与展望

近2个世纪,通过选种和杂交育种,世界葡萄抗寒育种在抗寒性与果实优质性状的结合方面取得了突破,育成许多抗寒性极强(耐-30～-40℃低温)、品质优良的鲜食、酿酒和制汁品种。由于葡萄的抗寒性是受多基因控制的数量性状,杂交后代的抗寒性基本呈以亲中值为峰顶的正态分布,所以我国应积极引进这些品种,在华北、西北等葡萄主产区试验、推广露地越冬栽培的同时,利用它们与现有抗寒性较弱的主栽品种(抗寒性-15～-18℃)杂交,培育适合我国冬季气候条件的抗寒品种(抗寒性在-25℃左右),迅速提高我国葡萄抗寒育种水平。

Achievements and Prospect of World Cold-resistant Grape Breeding

After hard work in last two centuries, by means of selection and hybridization, the world breeding of cold-resistant grapes has made a breakthrough in combining cold hardiness with desirable fruit characteristics. A lot of very hardy (to -30～-40 ℃) and high-quality table,wine and juice cultivars have been developed. In order to promoting the unprotected grape industry in China and for the future breeding, those hardy grape cultivars with desirable characteristics should be introduced from abroad and tested in the unprotected grape growing areas of North and Northwest China, and then developed. Using the hardy varieties to making cross with the current less hardy leading cultivars (only enduring -15～ -18 ℃) for breeding new cultivars which could resistant to -25 ℃ is quite necessary.