我国赤眼蜂工厂化繁育技术改进及防治农业害虫应用现状

自20世纪50年代,我国即开始系统研究赤眼蜂的人工繁育与田间释放应用技术,在适于赤眼蜂规模化繁殖的中间寄主种类研究与应用方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。近几年,我国在利用大卵(柞蚕卵)和小卵(米蛾卵)为中间寄主工厂化繁育赤眼蜂技术方面取得了一些进展。本文从大卵繁蜂涉及的配套生产设备、生产工艺以及小卵繁蜂过程中的幼虫人工饲料配方、饲养盘和成蛾收集技术方面取得的进展进行了归纳,并介绍了一次长效放蜂技术和大、小卵蜂混合释放技术在玉米螟和水稻二化螟防治的应用。2004年以来,吉林省累计推广松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟近1300万hm²,我国在推广应用赤眼蜂防治农业害虫方面取得巨大成功。最后,对赤眼蜂工厂化生产中存在的技术问题以及发展方向进行了探讨。

Technological Improvements for Mass Production of Trichogramma and Current Status of Their Applications for Biological Control on Agricultural Pests in China

Since the 1950s, artificial reproduction of Trichogramma and their application technologies have been systemically studied in China, and a great success in selection and application of intermediate hosts suitable for mass production has been achieved. In recent years, we have made some progresses in mass production of Trichogramma with the large eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi Guerand small eggs of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). In this paper, we summarized the new progresses in mass production with large eggs from the matched production facilities and processes, and with small eggs from the artificial diet composition and breeding device for larvae and collection methods for adult moth. In addition, we introduced the technologies with releasing Trichogramma for one time to long-term control corn borers and mixed-releasing two Trichogramma species produced using large eggs and small eggs to control rice striped stem borers. Ever since 2004, the total release area was approximately 13 million hectares. Overall, the great success has been achieved in the biological control of agricultural pests with Trichogramma in China. Finally, the problems and development trends in mass production of Trichogramma in future were discussed.