平衡施肥对全膜双垄沟播春玉米产量及养分吸收规律的影响

[目的]研究干旱半干旱农作区全膜双垄沟播技术下，平衡施肥技术对春玉米产量及养分吸收规律的影响，旨在为该区春玉米高产栽培提供最佳施肥方案。[方法]以玉米品种沈单16为指示作物，通过全膜双垄沟播玉米田闯试验，研究了氮、磷、钾肥配合平衡施肥对玉米产量扣养分吸收规律的影响。[结果]全膜双垄沟播条件下，各处理中，玉米平均产量以OPT＋Zn处理最高，达到了12934．0kg／hm^2；适量增施Zn肥能有效提高玉米产量；氮磷钾养分累积均随肥料施入量的增加而增加，合理配施氮、磷、钾肥有利于养分的协调供应，提高春玉米植株体内的养分含量和吸收量。[结论]全膜双垄沟播条件下，平衡施肥显著提高了玉米的产量和经济收益；K是玉米高产的主要限制因子；生育后期养分的充足供应是玉米高产的关键。

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on the Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Spring Maize

[Objective] The effect of the balanced fertilization in the cultivation technique of the seeds fully covered with plastic film on the double ridges/trenches in the arid and semi-arid farmland on spring maize yield and nutrient absorption was studied in order to provide the optimal technical measure of spring maize.[Method] The maize variety—Shendan 18 being taken as the experimental material,the field experiment in the balanced fertilization of element of N,P and K affecting its yield and nutrient absorption in the cultivation technique of the seeds fully covered with plastic film on the double ridges/trenches was conducted.[Results] In all treatments,the highest maize yield was from the treatment of OPT + Zn(12 934.0 kg/hm2).The suitable application of Zn fertilizer could promote its yield-increasing.The accumulation of the nitrogen,phosphate and potassium in soil was increased with the increment of their application amounts and the reasonable fertilization was in favor of the harmonized provision of nutrient and advanced nutrient amount and absorption of maize plant.[Conclusion] Under the cultivation technical measure,the balanced fertilization could improve maize yield and efficiency.K element was the most limitation factor for high-yielding maize formation and the abundant provision of nutrient in late period of maize growth was the key point for its high-yielding formation.