中国农业可持续发展评价指标体系构建及研究

为准确把握全国及各地区农业可持续发展状况,诊断识别各地区农业可持续发展的障碍性因子,通过构建中国农业可持续发展评价指标体系,运用多指标综合评价法,对中国农业可持续发展水平进行评价,在此基础上研究其时空变化特征,并提出推进农业可持续发展的重大措施,以期为中国农业可持续发展提供参考。结果表明:(1)2000—2013年中国农业可持续发展水平在逐步提高;(2)从四个农业可持续发展维度来看,农业经济可持续水平增长最快,增幅最大,农业社会可持续指数持续提高,农业生态可持续水平稳中有升,农业环境可持续水平稳中有降;(3)农业可持续发展水平可分为低可持续、中可持续和高可持续三类,地区间差异显著且变化类型多样;(4)农业可持续发展是一项系统工程,应统筹综合运用工程、技术、管理、政策和法律措施,来提升全国农业可持续发展水平。

Construction of Index System Evaluating Agricultural Sustainable Development in China

To accurately understand the agricultural sustainable development on national and regional scales in China and identify the obstacle factors affecting the sustainable development in different regions, we established an index system of agricultural sustainable development, and evaluated the level of sustainable development of agriculture in China by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. Then we anylazed the temporal and spatial variation of the sustainable development level, and put forward some measures so as to provide a reference for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The results are as follows: (1) the sustainable development level of agriculture was gradually improved in China from 2000 to 2013; (2) in four dimensions of agricultural sustainable development, the economic sustainability held the fastest and greatest growth, the social sustainability presented a continuous improvement, the ecological sustainability rose steadily while the environmental sustainability decreased stablely; (3) the level of sustainable development of agriculture can be divided into three types, namely the low-level, the middle-level and the high-level, and showed a striking difference across different regions; (4) the sustainable development of agriculture is a systematic project. Therefore, a comprehensive application of engineering, technology, welldesigned management and legal measures is essential for promoting agricultural sustainable development across China.