粘重土壤下马铃薯挖掘机分离输送装置改进设计与试验

针对升运链式马铃薯挖掘机输送分离装置普遍存在的在粘重土壤条件下升运链长度匹配性不佳等问题,设计了一种适宜粘重土壤的升运链输送分离装置。通过对该输送分离装置及薯土混合物的理论分析,确定了影响最佳薯土分离效果的主要因素,得到影响分离性能的升运链长度范围和抖动器等结构参数;以二级升运链长度、机具前进速度和升运链线速度为试验因素,以明薯率、伤薯率为试验指标进行田间试验,试验结果表明:二级升运链长度为3.1 m、机具前进速度为1.2 m/s、升运链线速度为1.5 m/s时,其明薯率为98.1%,伤薯率为1.1%,高于马铃薯挖掘机的收获作业要求。满足粘重土壤条件下马铃薯挖掘机的作业要求。

Design and Experiment on Conveyor Separation Device of Potato Digger under Heavy Soil Condition

Aiming at the problems that the length of lifting chain, jitter separation ability and separation effect of the mixture of potatoes were not matched, the new type of lifting chain device of potato digger under the condition of heavy soil was designed. Based on the theoretical analysis of the separation, deliver and disintegration of the mixture and the mixture of potato and soil on the lifting chain, the main factors influenced the separation effect of the dispersion and crushing were obtained, and the range of lifting chain length and structure parameters of jitter that affected the process of transportation was got. The combination design of orthogonal and quadratic regression equation for the flail was adopted. Taking the length of the second elevator chain, forward speed of machine and velocity of lifting chain as the experimental factors, the field experiment was carried out to test the obvious potato rate and the injured potato rate. The test was implemented in agricultural sciences of academy in Heilongjiang Province at the beginning of September, 2016. The experimental data was processed and optimized by software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The importance of main factors affecting obvious rate was the second elevator chain length and the forward speed of machine. The importance of main factors affecting injury rate was the second elevator chain length, the forward speed of machine and the velocity of the lift chain. Test results showed that when the second elevator chain length was 3.1m, the forward speed of machine was 1.2m/s, lifting chain line speed was 1.5m/s, the obvious potato rate was 98.1%, and the injured potato rate was 1.1%. The function of machine was fully suitable for the potato excavator harvesting requirements. The relationship between the structure and position of jitter on digger, the installation position of the jitter, and the effects of separation and dripped of potato that suited the condition of heavy soil was determined. The research provided an important theoretical support and reference for the improvements and optimization of the lifting chain conveyor separation parts on potato digger.