马铃薯-燕麦间作对马铃薯氮含量和土壤氮素的影响

为提高氮肥的利用,通过随机区组试验探讨马铃薯单作、3种马铃薯-燕麦间作模式对马铃薯氮含量和土壤氮素的影响,筛选出最优的间作模式。供试材料为青薯9号,以马铃薯单作为对照(IP),设置3种间作模式,比较马铃薯燕麦间作行数比2:2、4:2、4:8(分别标记为P₂O₂、P₄O₂和P₄O₈)对马铃薯植株氮含量、土壤全氮、碱解氮和无机氮含量分布的影响。结果表明,从开花期到成熟期,马铃薯叶、茎的氮含量呈下降趋势,块茎氮含量呈上升趋势;间作处理植株氮含量显著高于单作处理,其中,以间作P₂O₂最佳。3种间作处理在开花期0~20 cm土层的土壤全氮含量均高于单作处理,其中,以间作P₄O₈最佳,达到0.69 g·kg^-1;成熟期相比于花期提高24.6%。开花期间作P₄O₈ 0~20 cm土层的土壤碱解氮含量高于其他3种处理,相比间作P₂O₂提高19.2%,间作P₂O₂成熟期比花期提高41.7%。开花期,单作马铃薯 0~20 cm土层硝态氮含量高于其他间作处理,达到0.82 mg·kg^-1,成熟期相比花期降低了26.8%,但仍高于其他间作处理。开花期,单作马铃薯 0~20 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量也高于其他间作处理,达到0.35 mg·kg^-1,成熟期相比花期降低了2.9%,但仍高于其他间作处理。间作P₄O₈和P₂O₂可以显著提高植株氮、土壤全氮和碱解氮的含量,单作马铃薯土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量比间作高。这表明,间作条件下矿质态氮在土壤中的残留量少,减少了氮素损失的几率。

Effects of potato-oats on nitrogen content and soil nitrogen in potato

In order to improve the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, this paper explored the effects of potato monocropping and three potato-oat intercropping patterns on potato nitrogen content and soil nitrogen by randomized block experiment, and selected the optimal intercropping model. The test material was Qingshu 9, and the potato single was used as the control (IP). Three intercropping patterns were set, and effects of different row ratios of potato : oats (2:2, 4:2, 4:8; labeled as P₂O₂, P₄O₂, P₄O₈) on nitrogen content in potato plants, soil total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen distribution were compared. The results showed that nitrogen content of potato leaves and stems decreased from flowering to maturity, while the nitrogen content of tubers increased. Nitrogen content of intercropped plants was significantly higher than that of single cropping treatment, among which intercropping P₂O₂ was the best. Contents of total nitrogen in the soil of 0-20 cm in the flowering stage were higher than that in the single cropping treatment, among which the intercropping P₄O₈ was the best, reaching 0.69 g·kg^-1; and the maturity period was 24.6% higher than the flowering period. Content of alkaline nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer of P₄O₈ during flowering stage was higher than those of the other three treatments, which increased 19.2% compared with intercropping P₂O₂, maturity period increased by 41.7% compared to the flowering period. At the flowering stage, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the IP 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than those of other intercropping treatments, reaching 0.82 mg·kg^-1, and the maturity period was 26.8% lower than the flowering period, but still higher than other intercropping treatments. At the flowering stage, content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil of IP 0~20 cm was higher than those of other intercropping treatments, reaching 0.35 mg·kg^-1, and the maturity period was 2.9% lower than that of flowering stage, but still higher than other intercropping treatments. The results showed that intercropping P₄O₈ and P₂O₂ could significantly increase the contents of nitrogen, soil total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen in plants, and contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in potato monocropping soil were higher than that in intercropping. This indicated that the residual amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil under intercropping conditions was small, reducing the probability of nitrogen loss.