甜高粱生物学性状与SSR分子标记遗传多样性

为探讨甜高粱的遗传多样性,选取31份甜高粱品种资源,通过生物学性状的方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和SSR分子标记试验,获得如下结果:13个生物学性状在品种资源间存在显著差异,说明品种资源间的产量和品质差异真实存在;生物学性状之间存在一定相关性,其中株高与茎粗、鲜质量和叶片数呈极显著正相关,茎粗与鲜质量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪呈极显著正相关;分蘖数与茎粗呈极显著负相关,茎粗与粗纤维呈极显著负相关。主成分分析可以将前4个主成分作为品质主因子、产量主因子、糖分和产量次因子,以及产量辅助因子;基于生物学性状的聚类分析可以将全部品种资源分成6大类群,其中第Ⅰ类属于高产型,第Ⅱ类属于高产低质型,第Ⅲ类属于高含糖量型,第Ⅳ、Ⅴ类群利用价值不大,第Ⅵ类属于高分蘖型。根据SSR分子标记分析结果计算得到甜高粱品种资源每个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)为0~0.757,基于SSR分子标记的聚类分析将全部品种资源聚为6大类群,这与生物学性状聚类结果相类似,但又不完全一致。

Genetic diversity of sweet sorghum as revealed by biological characters and SSR markers

In order to explore the genetic diversity of sweet sorghum, 31 varieties of sweet sorghum were selected in this experiment. Through variance analysis, correlation and principal component analysis, cluster analysis of biological traits and SSR molecular marker test, the following results were obtained. Thirteen biological traits had significant differences among varieties, indicating there were differences in yield and quality of varieties. There was certain correlation between biological traits. Plant height was positively correlated with stem diameter, fresh weight and leaf number, and stem diameter was positively correlated with fresh weight, crude protein and ether extract at 0.01 level. There were significant negative correlations between tiller number and stem diameter, and between stem diameter and coarse fiber at 0.01 level. Principal component analysis could take the first four principal components as principal components factor of quality, main factor of yield, sugar content and secondary factor of yield, auxiliary factor of yield. Cluster analysis based on biological characteristics could divide all varieties into six groups. Group Ⅰ belonged to high yield type. Group Ⅱ belonged to high yield but low quality type. Group Ⅲ belonged to high sugar content type. Group Ⅳ and Ⅴ had little utilization value, and Group Ⅵ belonged to high tillering type. According to the results of SSR molecular marker analysis, the polymorphism information content (PIC) of sweet sorghum cultivar resources was 0-0.757. All varieties were divided into six groups based on SSR molecular marker analysis, and this was similar to the clustering results of biological traits, but it was not exactly the same.