施磷对苏打盐碱土区水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响

为解决吉林省中西部水稻主产区水稻合理施用磷肥问题,通过连续2年(2014—2015)田间试验,研究了不同施磷(P2O5)量(0,40,80,120,160 kg/hm~2)条件下水稻产量、养分吸收、转运及分配的变化。结果表明:施磷量为40~120 kg/hm~2时,水稻产量随着施磷量的增加而增加,当磷肥用量增加至160 kg/hm~2时水稻产量下降。根据水稻产量(y)和施磷量(x)拟合,得出2014年和2015年最佳施磷量分别为111.3 kg/hm~2和102.3 kg/hm~2,施用磷肥可显著增加水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,且能提高水稻抽穗期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒的转运,施磷量为40~120 kg/hm~2时抽穗期各养分积累量与子粒转运量呈正相关,当磷肥用量增加至160 kg/hm~2,氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运出现负效应。相关分析表明,除返青期外,水稻其他生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,并且氮、磷、钾吸收与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,其中灌浆期氮、磷、钾的吸收与产量间的相关系数最大。综合考虑施磷水稻的产量、养分吸收及稻株氮、磷、钾吸收与产量关系间的表现,适宜磷肥用量应控制在102.3~111.3 kg/hm~2范围内较为适宜。

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Absorption,Translocation and Distribution of Rice in Saline-sodic Soil Region

To perform reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer to rice in major rice producing areas of the Midwest of Jilin province,field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer applications (0,40,80,120,160 kg/hm2) on yield,nutrient absorption,and translocation and distribution of rice from 2014 to 2015.The results showed that rice yield increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application at the range of 40-120 kg/hm2,when phos phorus fertilizer application increased to 160 kg/hm2,rice yield declined.According to rice yield (y) and phosphorus fertilizer application (x) fitting,the optimum phosphorus fertilizer application rate was obtained,111.3 kg/hm2 and 102.3 kg/hm2,respectively.The application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the absorption of N,P and K at the main growth stage of rice,and could improve the translocation from N,P,and K nutrition to grain at the heading stage.The amount of nutrient accumulation was proportional to the amount of translocation to grain at the range of 40-120 kg/hm2(P2O5) at the heading stage of rice,when the phosphorus fertilizer application increased to 160 kg/hm2.It could cause negative effect for the translocation from N,P,and K nutrition to grain.The correlation analysis showed that there was significantly or extremely significandy positive correlation between absorptions of N,P and K at rice growth stages except returning green stage,there was also significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between N,P and K absorptions and yield,and the correlation coefficients were the highest at the filling stage.By comprehensive studies of the performances of rice yield,nutrient absorption and the relationships between absorptions of N,P and K and rice yield,we found that the optimum phosphorus application rate was at the range of 102.3-111.3 kg/hm2 under the conditions of the experiment.