福建省紫金山金铜矿废弃地不同植被配置模式的恢复效果分析

为了研究不同植被措施对矿山废弃地的恢复效果,采用标准样地调查的方法,分别从植物种类、数量、覆盖度、物种多样性及生物量等方面对福建省紫金山金铜矿废弃地不同植被配置模式的恢复效果进行了全面的调查分析。结果表明,不同植被配置模式均可快速增加废弃地植物种类,恢复5a后不同配置模式的草本植物数量均高于未经开采的对照样地,其中马尾松+胡枝子+香根草+当地河滩草(模式B)最多,达到了25种;枫香+本地河滩草(模式D)和桉树+本地河滩草(模式E)物种丰富度指数M和Shan-non-Wiener及Simpson多样性指数较大,可较快地提高群落物种多样性;不同配置模式植被覆盖度均有较大提高,除马尾松+胡枝子(模式A)较低外,其他模式均达到85%以上;马尾松+胡枝子+香根草+本地河滩草(模式B)灌草层生物量最大,达到对照的15.81倍;结合聚类分析结果可得出,马尾松+胡枝子+香根草+本地河滩草(模式B),枫香+本地河滩草(模式D)和桉树+本地河滩草(模式E)3种植被配置模式对紫金山金铜矿废弃地植被恢复效果较好,可在矿山废弃地植被恢复中推广应用。

Efficiency of Different Vegetative Restoration Settings Deployed on Wastelands of Zijinshan Gold-copper Mine in Fujian Province

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different vegetative restoration settings on mining wasteland.Vegetation species,quantity,coverage,species diversity and biomass were surveyed by standard plots on different treatments deployed on the mining wasteland of Zijinshan gold-copper mine in Fujian Province.The results showed that the number of vegetation species was rapidly increased at almost all the treatments,and the species number of the herb layer were significantly greater than the control after 5 year restoration.Species quantity at Pinus massoniana +Lespedeza bicolor+ Vetiveria zizanioides+ local flood turf(mode B) was the most.There was 25 species of those.Diversity index at Liquidambar formosana + local beach turf(mode D) and Eucalyptus robusta + local flood turf(mode E) were bigger than others,these two vegetation allocation modes could rapidly increased the species diversity of the community.The vegetation coverage also increased greatly.There were above 85% apart from Pinus massoniana+Lespedeza bicolor(mode A).The biomass of herb layer at Pinus massoniana +Lespedeza bicolor+ Vetiveria zizanioides+ local beach turf(mode B) was the largest,it was 15.81 times to the control.The treatments of Pinus massoniana+Lespedeza bicolor+Vetiveria zizanioides+local beach turf(B),Liquidambar formosana+local beach turf(D) and Eucalyptus+local beach turf(E) performed considerably better than the other ones and therefore can be promoted for larger areas in the vegetation restoration of the mining wasteland.