基于RS/GIS和RUSLE的华北平原土壤侵蚀现状分析

对华北平原的土壤侵蚀状况进行分析,可为粮食主产区的生态保护及土壤侵蚀防治提供重要依据。在GIS技术支持下,利用遥感影像解译资料、数字高程模型(DEM)及土壤、降雨等数据,对修正土壤流失方程(RUSLE)中的各因子进行了量化,实现了对华北平原土壤侵蚀量的估算,并对结果进行土壤侵蚀强度分级。分析结果表明,华北平原多年平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 674.26t/(km2.a),最大值可达8 302.11t/(km2.a),总体上属中度侵蚀。发生轻度以下侵蚀面积占总面积的82.94%,表明华北平原的水土流失在总体上得到了较好的控制。但仍有占总面积7.33%的区域属于较强以上的侵蚀等级,说明局部水土流失严重,尤以沿太行山、燕山、泰山和大别山的低山丘陵地带的土石山区最为严重,是华北平原土壤侵蚀治理的重点地区。

Estimating Soil Erosion in North China Plain Based on RS/GIS and RUSLE

Estimation of soil erosion is of great importance for ecological protection and erosion control in the major grain producing areas of the North China Plain.Based on geographic information system(GIS),the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) was employed to assess quantitatively soil erosion in the North China Plain by incorporating the interpreted data from remote sensing images,digital elevation model(DEM),soil map and rainfall data.Furthermore,the spatial distribution of the soil erosion intensity has been obtained.The results indicated that the annual average soil erosion modulus was 2 674.26 t/(km²·a) with the maximum of 8 302.11 t/(km²·a),which can be classified as overall moderate according to the national standard.The areas which under the mild range accounted for 82.94% of the study areas,suggesting that the soil loss was under control.Approximately 7.33% of total area was still on the severe range,especially in the rocky mountainous areas along the Taihang Mountains,Yanshan Mountains,Tai Mountains,and Dabie Mountains,the key areas where soil erosion are yet to be controlled.