日本的山地治理与开发

日本的山地治理与开发扬立文（中国林科院林业所，北京１０００９１）编者按：林业部于今年初推出的“山区林业技术开发计划”，即“富山计划”，已在各地全面启动。这项计划是林业部根据我国山区的实际情况制定的，是一项旨在充分发挥科学技术的先导作用，以山区资源为基...

The Management and Exploitation of Mountainous Areas in Japan

Abstract Mountain management in Japan is carried out by means of the combination of biological measures with engineering projects. In general, the management activities are concentrated on afforestation and the reconstruction of existing forests, such as transforming single-storied into mufti-storied forest, transforming pure into mixed forest, restricting the area of cutting in protection forests, aiming at the strengthening of their resistance function against flood, soil erosion, sand storm and snow slip. In barren mountains and areas where landslide mud-rock flow cause disasters the main efforts are made to undertake engineering constructions, accompanied with tree planting and grass growing, and thus, to restore forests gradually. The steering function of legislation is stressed in mountain exploitation, the integral design and comprehensive utilization of mountain resources are exercised to develop the local potential. The funds for mountain exploitation are raised partly from national investment and state subsidy, and for this purpose favorable terms are offered.