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Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of cotton insect and mite pests in the United States |
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| Authors: | Edgar G King and Janine E Powell |
| Institution: | a Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA b Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA |
| Abstract: | The state of the art for controlling four primary pests or pest complexes by augmentative releases of predators and parasitoids in the United States is reviewed. The pests are (1) the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (2)_the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), (3) the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (4) plant bugs, specifically Lygus spp. Rearing of the predators and parasitoids and identification and the use of behaviour-modifying chemicals are described and discussed. |
| Keywords: | Cotton biological control augmentation predators parasitoids propagation natural enemies |
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