土壤学不应忽视对作物土传病原微生物的研究

随着集约化种植程度的提高,管理不善、单一作物连续种植、秸秆还田等因素导致的土传病害日益严重,使作物高产对农药的依赖程度不断提高,对我国农业可持续发展、环境和农产品安全构成了很大的威胁。但是,我国当前土壤学几乎忽视了这一土壤学范畴的研究领域。土传植物病原微生物功能明确,是研究土壤微生物区系和生物多样性与功能、土壤微生物与植物生长、土传病原微生物与拮抗微生物等关系的理想研究对象。土壤学在揭示土传病原微生物的生长规律、控制土传病原微生物数量、发挥拮抗微生物的作用、防治作物土传病害等方面具有独特的优势。深入认识土传病原微生物适宜生长的土壤环境是防控作物土传病原微生物生长,实现农药使用量零增长的基础。解决当前严重的作物土传病害不仅是土壤学的责任和义务,而且可以极大地推动土壤学的发展。

Soil-borne Pathogens Should not Be Ignored by Soil Scienc

With the rapid development of intensive cultivation, soil-borne diseases of crops are very common and severe in China due to inappropriate management, consecutive monoculture, direct incorporation of crop residues into soil etc. The issue has become one of the main drives of continuous increase in pesticides consumption in order to achieve high crop yields and threatened the sustainable production, food quality, environment and ecosystems safety. However, soil scientists almost ignore the research on soil-borne pathogens. Since the functions of soil-borne pathogens are known, they are ideal objects to explore the influences of soil microbial biodiversity on soil microbial functions, the relationships between host plants and pathogens, between pathogen and antagonistic microbes, and influences of soil physic-chemical properties on the activities of soil microbes. Soil science owns special advantages to understand the growth, production, and functions of soil-borne pathogens because there are components of soil. The understandings of soil environments for the survival and growth of soil-borne pathogens are the basis to control the soil-borne diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens and to realize the zero increase target of pesticide consumption by 2020 in China. Therefore, soil science takes an unavoidable responsibility to control the populations of soil-borne pathogen. Meanwhile, soil science itself will develop greatly with the deep insight into the soil-borne pathogens and solution of crop diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.