淮山不同氮钾用量及镁硼配施效应研究

[目的]以淮山为研究对象,旨在明确淮山生产中的氮钾肥适宜用量及镁硼肥配施效应,以期为高产优质淮山生产和合理施肥提供科学依据。[方法]设置3个氮肥用量水平(270 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和450 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)和3个钾肥用量水平(270 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和450 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;),研究在等量有机肥(精制有机肥4500kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)和磷肥(144 kg P2O5/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)基础上配施不同用量钾氮肥并添加镁(22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)硼(0.21kg B/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)肥对淮山叶绿素含量、生物量、品质、养分吸收量和产量的影响。[结果]研究结果表明,氮钾肥不同用量对淮山块根膨大期和收获期叶片SPAD值无显著影响。配施Mg和B明显提高淮山可溶性蛋白和氨基酸态氮含量。随施N量或施K量的增加,生产100kg淮山N、K的需求量均呈先增加后下降趋势。在360kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施450kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;或在360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;均明显提高淮山块根重量、总生物量和淮山产量。增施钾肥和配施Mg均有利于提高淮山N和K的收获指数。[结论]为获得70000-90000kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;的淮山产量,建议在施用4500kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;精制有机肥、360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、144 kg P2O5/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施450 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;或配施360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;。

Fertilization on Chinese Yam: Effects of N and K Rates and Combined Application of Mg and B

A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate rates of N and K and the effects of combined application of Mg and B on Chinese Yam, to provide a basis for high yield and good quality production and rational fertilization. We set three N rates (270, 360 and 450 kg N/hm2) and three K rates (270, 360 and 450 kg K2O/hm2), and studied the effects of equal rate of organic fertilizer (fine organic fertilizer of 4500 kg/hm2) and phosphorus fertilizer (144 kg P2O5/hm2) combined with magnesium (22.5 kg Mg/hm2) and boron (0.21 kg B/hm2) on chlorophyll content, biomass, quality, nutrient uptake and yield. The results showed that the N and K application rates had no significant effect on the foliar SPAD value in tuberous root expansion period and harvest period. Combined application of Mg and B increased soluble protein and amino acidnitrogen significantly. With the increase of N and K, the demand quantity of N and K first increased and then decreased. The tuberous root weight, biomass and yield increased by applying N 360 kg/hm2 with K2O 450 kg/hm2 or N 360 kg/hm2, K2O 360 kg/hm2 with 22.5 kg Mg/hm2. The harvest index of N and K were increased under the application of K with Mg. To achieve the yield of 70000- 90000 kg/hm2, the combined application of K2O/sub&;gt; yield.