2012～2013安徽省空气质量对比及原因分析

根据安徽省环境保护局提供的2012～2013年空气污染指数（API）资料,对安徽省各地市空气质量级别、首要污染物等指标和空气污染指数的月、年均值进行了全面的统计分析及横向、纵向对比,得出安徽省空气污染的时空分布规律,并从多方面分析造成其规律变化的成因.结果表明,2013年安徽省API年均值、高值城市数量均显著高于2012年;安徽省空气质量以优良为主,2013年优良天数比例明显下降,Ⅲ1级污染以上天数也明显增加,出现V级污染的城市增加至7个,地域也扩大至安徽东南部;首要污染物以PM10为主,铜陵SO2污染相对严重.安徽省逐月的API分布有明显的时间、空间差异,API高值期有1、6及10 ～ 12月,整体上淮北＞江淮＞江南,东部＞西部;API高值期有明显的北高南低的逐降形势,区域间差值较大;API低值期则存在中东部偏高,南北相对偏低,区域间差值较小.安徽省各地市的GDP构成、人口结构对API起到基础性贡献,而6月小麦秸秆焚烧期及10月水稻-玉米秸秆混合焚烧期造成PM10浓度急剧增加,对API起到高峰推动作用,安徽省地形也起到平原扩散、山区阻挡堆积的作用.

Air Quality Comparison and Cause Analysis in Anhui Province during 2012-2013

According to API data during 2012-2013 provided by Anhui Bureau of Environmental Protection,the air quality level,primary pollutants,monthly and annual mean of API were analyzed and compared,the temporal and spatial distribution law of air pollution in Anhui Province was obtained,the causes were analyzed.The results showed that the API annual mean and high value city number in 2013 is significantly higher than that in 2012; the air quality of Anhui is excellent generally,the proportion of fine days in 2013 in Anhui Province is obviously decreased,the pollution days above Ⅲ1 grade are obviously increased,V grade pollution cities is up to 7 ; the primary pollutant is PM10,SO2 pollution is serious in Tongling.The monthly API distribution in Anhui Province has obvious temporal and spatial differences,the high API period is in Jan.,Jun.,Oct.-Dec.,generally Huaibei ＞ Jianghuai ＞ Jiangnan,East ＞ West ; GDP and population structure have basic contribution to API in cities of Anhui Province,wheat straw burning period in Jun.and rice-maize straw mixed burning period cause the concentration of PM10 increased sharply.