Control of C,N,P distribution in soils of riparian forests

It is now well accepted that riparian forests have an important role in regulating upstream/downstream flow of matter and energy in river ecosystems. Since geomorphic processes determine the structure of channels and floodplains, we have investigated whether different geomorphic features of riparian forests had any effects on the ability of their soils to retain nutrients and organic carbon. Willow riparian forests were chosen within the annual floodplain of the Garonne River, southwest France, to represent two different geomorphic types. Erosional types of riparian forests (E-type) were characterized by sand deposition on their soils because of high current velocity which hampered fine particle deposition. Depositional types of riparian forests (D-type) were characterized by slower overflow velocity; consequently silt and clay were dominant in their soils. Soil samples were taken at the end of the vegetation growth period, coinciding with low water levels prior to annual floods. Erosion and sedimentation processes affected the distribution of total C,N, and P contents in riparian forest soils, since they were significantly correlated with soil grain size. D-type riparian forest soils act as a sink for upstream/downstream nutrients and carbon flows during floods through accumulation of total C,N and P from year to year. In contrast, E-type riparian forests act as potential nutrient sources during high water periods, since they may release from their soils large amounts of easily available C, N and P into the river. These results demonstrate that nutrients and carbon retention ability of riparian forests soils should be analyzed through their geomorphic features rather than by their vegetation composition. Even if they belong to the same vegetation succession, riparian forests should not be considered as a homogeneous buffering system for upstream/downstream flows of nutrients and organic carbon.