中国41个小麦生产品种抗秆锈基因推导及其抗性稳定性初步分析

用中国小麦秆锈菌小种Ｚ１Ｃ３,３４,３４Ｃ２及３５Ｃ５中９个不同菌系推导了来自秆锈菌不同传播区间里有代表性的４１个小麦生产品种的抗秆锈基因,综合分析了中国小麦秆锈菌优势小种稳定的原因．基因推导表明：来自秆锈菌次要越冬及冬后北传桥梁区内的品种除鄂恩１号外,其余均未含有效抗性基因;来自秆锈菌越夏偶发区内的品种含有Ｓｒ５,２２,２５等基因;来自秆锈菌越夏易发区（主要东北春麦区）内的品种主要含有Ｓｒ１３,１４,２２,３２,３５,３６,３７,Ｇｔ等单个或结合基因．结果也表明：中国小麦品种对秆锈菌,尤其是对优势小种ＺＩＣ３的抗性水平明显地由南向北呈梯度增强局势．

A Preliminary Analysis of Probable Genes for Stem Rust Resistance and Resistance Stability of 41 Wheat Cultivars in China

Investigations were conducted with 9 strains within races of 21C3,34,34C2 and 34C5 of Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici,40 near -isogeoic lines and 41 widely grown wheat cultivars collected from wheat stem rust partially overwintering and oversummering areas in China.Probable genes for wheat stem rust asistance were postulated on the basis of "IT"matching system. Some spring wheat cultivars from oversummering areas probably had Sr13,14,22.32,35,36,37,Gt,etc either singly or in combination,some winter wheat cultivare from oversummering areas probably had Sr5,22.25.ect,and some winter wheat cultivars from partially overwintering areas probably were none except Een 1(Sr31?),Which signified that the number of Sr gene carried in wheat cultivars gradually increased from south to northeast areas.According to the fact that race 21C3 being pathogenically weaker but having higher relative survival ability,has remained prevalent for approximately thirty years,it wes assumed that the present status of resistant cultivar(gene) deployment was helpful to stabilize the resistance of wheat to stem rust