‘凯特’与‘新世纪’杏杂种后代风味物质遗传的初步研究

 利用气—质联用(GC-MS) 及毛细管电泳技术, 对‘凯特’杏与‘新世纪’杏及其F1 代65个株系的香味成分及糖酸组分的遗传特性进行了研究。结果表明, 所分析的49种香味成分中, 有37种为双亲所共有, 12种双亲之一具有。在37种双亲共有成分中, 有20种在杂交后代中未出现分离, 呈连续性变异,具有典型的数量性状遗传特征, 其中有9种为果实的特征香气成分, ( E) - 2 - 己烯醛、γ - 癸内酯、己醛及γ- 十二内酯等特征香气成分, 其子代平均值明显高于亲中值, 说明其遗传不仅存在加性效应, 还存在一定程度的非加性效应; 有17种在杂交后代中出现1∶1、1∶3、1∶7或1∶15分离, 可能是受一对或几对基因控制的质量性状遗传, 其中有8种为特征香气成分。糖酸总量及各组分在后代中虽然均表现为连续性变异, 但各组分的基因效应存在较大差异, 其中苹果酸、总酸、总糖及蔗糖的子代平均值都低于亲中值, 其遗传主要表现为基因的加性效应; 柠檬酸、果糖和葡萄糖的子代平均值高于亲中值, 其遗传不仅存在加性效应, 还存在一定程度的非加性效应, 通过杂交选育高柠檬酸、果糖及葡萄糖含量的株系或品种具有很大优势。

Inheritance of Flavor Constituents in F1 Progenies of ''''Katy'''' and ''''Xinshiji'''' Apricot

The inheritance of the constituents of aroma, sugar and acid were studied with ‘Katy’and ‘Xinshiji’ap ricot varieties and 65 seedlings of F₁ progenies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. The results indicated that among there were 37 compounds shared with parents and 12 compounds shared with single parent 49 aroma compounds analyzed. Twenty components shared with parents, being successional variance, were not segregated in F₁ generations and exhibited quantitative character inheritance, including 9 characteristic aroma compounds. The means of characteristic aroma compounds, such as ( E) -2-hexenal, γ-decalactone, hexanal, γ-dodecalactone, were over mid-parent, which suggested the inheritance of these compounds exhibited not only additive genetic effect but also inadditive genetic effect. Seventeen compounds shared with parents segregated in ratio of 1∶1, 1∶3, 1∶7 or 1∶15 in F1 generations and exhibited qualitative character inheritance, including 8 characteristic aroma compounds, which may be governed by one or several pare genes. Sugar, acid and their components showed successional variance in F₁ progenies, but their genetic effectswere different, ofwhich the means of malate, total acid, total sugar and sucrose were below mid-parent value and suggested that their inheritance showed mainly additive genetic effect. Meanwhile, the means of citrate, fructose and glucose were overmid-parent value, which indicated the inheritance of citrate, fructose and glucose exhibited not only additive genetic effect but also inadditive genetic effect and the progenies with these compounds had great potential to be chosen.