光波长、刺激时长和性别结构对龟纹瓢虫趋光性的影响

为揭示天敌昆虫趋光性中光源因子与虫源因子的作用,采用室内多向行为选择方法研究光波长、刺激时长和性别结构对龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica趋光性的影响。结果显示:在365～630 nm波长范围内,光波长对龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群的趋光性有显著影响,其对365 nm处紫外光的趋光率最高,为27.90%;对625～630 nm处红光的趋光率最低,为6.50%。在120 min范围内,光刺激时长对龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群的趋光性有显著影响,且该影响与光波长有关。利用紫外光刺激龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群5 min时的趋光率(41.07%)显著高于其它刺激时长处理,且其它处理之间均无显著差异。随着光刺激时长的增加,龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群对紫外光、蓝光短波长的趋光率降低,对红光和黑暗处理的趋光率增加。在紫外光、蓝光、绿光及橙光处理下性别结构对龟纹瓢虫有显著影响,雌性单性种群偏嗜紫外光和绿光;雄性单性种群偏嗜绿光和橙光;雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群偏嗜紫外光、蓝光和橙光。表明光波长是龟纹瓢虫趋光性的核心诱因,性别结构及光刺激时长具有重要的协同调控作用。

Effects of wavelength, duration of light stimulation and gender structure on the phototaxis of ladybird beetle Propylea japonica (Thunberg)

In order to reveal the role of light source and insect source in the phototaxis of natural enemy, the effects of light wavelength, duration of light stimulation and gender structure on the phototaxis of ladybird beetle Propylea japonica were studied by using the method of indoor multi-directional behavior selection. The results showed that, within the wavelength range from 365 nm to 630 nm, the wavelength of light had a significant effect on the phototaxis of P. japonica, with a sex ratio of 1:1. The phototactic rate of P. japonica to UV (365 nm) was the highest (27.90%) and to red light (6.50%) the lowest. Within 120 min of light stimulation, the stimulation duration had a significant effect on the phototaxis of the female and male (1:1) of P. japonica, which was related to the wavelength factor. There was a significant difference only at 5 min (41.07%) in UV treatment and no obvious difference in other treatments. With the increase of stimulus duration, the phototaxis to UV and short wavelength of blue light decreased, while that to red light and dark treatment increased. Gender structure was significantly different under four wavelengths:UV, blue, green, and orange light. Female monosexual population biased toward UV and green; male monosexual population biased toward green and orange; male and female population (1:1) was sexually sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and orange. The results indicated that the wavelength was the core cause of the phototaxis in P. japonica and the gender structure as well as the stimulation duration took important synergistic effects.