篱架式葡萄藤冬季埋土清除与防寒布回收机研制

针对中国新疆地区篱架式葡萄春季清土作业中存在的机械清土不彻底、防寒布回收困难以及效率低等问题,该文设计了一种葡萄埋土清除与防寒布回收机,由机架、清土部件、卷布部件和液压系统等组成。在EDEM软件中建立土垄和清土部件的仿真模型,以清土距离作为清土效果的评价指标,以刮土板工作面曲率半径、清土叶轮叶片数及其转速为试验因素,在行进速度为2 km/h的条件下设计并实施三因素五水平仿真正交试验,得到最优参数组合:曲率半径680 mm、叶片数4片、转速500 r/min,此时清土距离为294.27 mm。加工样机并对最优参数组合进行田间验证试验,得到清土距离为271 mm,与仿真试验结果的相对误差为8%,埋土基本清理干净,且对葡萄藤和防寒布的损伤小,作业效率高,为人工清土效率的10倍以上。研究结果可为新疆地区篱架式葡萄埋土清除作业提出新的思路,为后续葡萄清土机械的研制提供参考。

Development of trellis-type grape winter buried soil clearing and cold-proof cloth recycling machine

Abstract: In Xinjiang region of China, the grape cultivation area needs to take soil buried cold-proof operation in winter to make the vines safely overwinter. However, the single soil buried cold-proof operation brings great difficulties to the subsequent soil clearing operations, such as incomplete soil mechanical clearing and low operation efficiency. The vineyards headed by Xinjiang change the cold-proof mode, and the cold-proof cloth is used to assist in soil buried cold-proof operation, which can play a better effect of heat preservation and moisture conservation and provide the possibility for complete soil clearing. But at the same time, there are some problems such as difficulty in recycling cold-proof cloth. In view of the problems in the above-mentioned soil clearing operation and the agricultural requirements of the trellis-type grape planting, combined with the operation requirements of the grape soil clearing under the cold-proof cloth assisted soil-buried mode, this paper designed the grape winter buried soil clearing and cold-proof cloth recycling machine, which is composed of a frame, a soil clearing component, a cloth recycling component and a hydraulic system, etc. This paper explained the structure and working principle of each part of the machine in detail, and analyzed the structure and parameters of key components. The tensile performance test of the cold-proof cloth used for one year was carried out to verify the feasibility of the cold-proof cloth recycling. The result showed that the tensile strength of the old cold-proof cloth was lower than that of the new cold-proof cloth, and the warp tensile strength was better than the across, but it was not enough to affect its recycling, based on this the correct direction of the cold-proof cloth using was determined, and the basis for the design of cloth recycling component was provided. Discrete element software EDEM was used to carry out simulation test of soil clearing operation. The simulation model consisted of soil ridge and soil clearing component modes in EDEM software. The soil clearing distance was used as the evaluation index of soil clearing effect, and the experimental factors were the curvature radius of the working face of the scraper, the blade numbers of the soil clearing impeller and its rotation rate. Under the condition of 2 km/h, the three-factor five-level simulation orthogonal test was carried out. The results showed that the order of influence of three factors on soil cleaning distance was that curvature radius, blade number and rotation rate. According to the variance analysis of test result, the curvature radius was the significant influencing factor, the blade number and rotation rate were the non-influencing factors, and the optimal parameter combination was that the curvature radius was 680 mm, the blade number was 4, the rotation rate was 500 r/min, and the clearing distance was 294.27 mm. The prototype was processed and the field verification test was carried out based on the optimal parameter combination. The test results showed that the soil clearing distance was 271 mm, and the relative error with the simulation test results was 8%. The buried soil was basically cleaned and the damage to the vines and the cold-proof cloth was small. The operation efficiency of the machine was more than 10 times of the manual soil clearing efficiency. This study can provide a new development idea for the operation of buried soil clearing in Xinjiang regions of China, and provide reference for the development of follow-up grape soil clearing machinery.