武威市光热水匹配及其对农作物的影响

为增强气象为农服务能力,保障粮食生产安全。以1981—2017年武威市各县（区）定点观测光热水资源和农作物生育及产量资料为基础,运用气候倾向率、相关系数法、SPSS13.0统计软件,分析了光热水资源变化及匹配特征和对农作物的影响。结果表明:（1）1981—2017年,武威市各县（区）≥10℃活动积温和日照时数呈极显著增大趋势,且增加幅度和稳定性从北向南逐渐减小,期间降水量呈略增加趋势,中北部光、热、水资源稳定增加,适宜作物生长的气候区域在扩大。（2）水热系数呈减小趋势,干燥度除民勤略减小外,其他县（区）呈略增大趋势;光温积呈极显著增大趋势,而光温比民勤和凉州呈极显著增加趋势,古浪和天祝呈极显著减小趋势;光温匹配在向利于农作物产量形成发展。（3）从相关系数看,光热资源增加促进喜凉作物生育和结实进程,光热匹配利于提高喜温作物子粒重和经济产量。从全市光、热、水资源匹配看,天祝和古浪浅山区适宜喜凉作物生长,有发展畜牧业和林业的气候条件。民勤、凉州和古浪川区适宜种植喜温作物,玉米、甜高粱、谷子、向日葵和瓜果,适宜发展特色农业。

The Matching of Light Heat Water and Its Influence on Crops in Wuwei

To enhance the ability of meteorological service for agriculture and ensure the safety of food production, based on the fixed-point observation data of light heat water resources, crop growth and yield from 1981 to 2017 in various counties (districts) of Wuwei City, the change and matching characteristics of light heat water resources and their impacts on crops were analyzed by using climatic tendency rate, correlation coefficient method and SPSS13.0 statistical software. The results showed that: (1) 1981-2017, the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and sunshine hours increased significantly, and the increase range and stability decreased gradually from north to south, during the period, the precipitation slightly increased, the light, heat and water resources increased steadily in the middle and north, the suitable climate region for crop growth were enlarged; (2) the hydrothermal coefficient showed a decreasing trend, the dryness increased slightly except in Minqin, the light temperature product showed an extremely significant increase trend, while the light temperature ratio showed an extremely significant increase in Minqin and Liangzhou, but an extremely significant decrease in Gulang and Tianzhu, the light temperature matching was beneficial to the formation and development of crop yield; (3) according to the correlation coefficient, the increase of light and heat resources promoted the growth and fruiting process of cool-loving crops, and the matching of light and heat could increase the grain weight and economic yield of warm-loving crops. According to the matching of light, heat and water resources in the whole city, Tianzhu and Gulang shallow mountainous are suitable for the growth of cool crops, and their climatic conditions are also suitable for developing animal husbandry and forestry. Minqin, Liangzhou and Gulang flat land are suitable for growing warm-loving crops, such as maize, sweet sorghum, millet, sunflower and melon fruits, and for developing characteristic agriculture.