耕作方式对西北旱作农田土壤特性及冬小麦产量的影响

以9 a田间定位试验作为基础,分析深松耕(CPT)、免耕(ZT)和翻耕(PT)下冬小麦全生育期土壤理化指标、细菌丰度及冬小麦产量的变化特征,探索不同耕作方式对西北旱作麦田土壤特性及冬小麦产量的长期影响。结果表明:深松耕和免耕处理下土壤水分显著提高了6.5%和9.7%,有机碳质量分数提高了40.5%和31.9%,全氮质量分数提高了34.9%和34.3%,脲酶活性提高了14.1%和12.8%。pH降低3.4%和2.2%,深松耕和免耕下细菌丰度也显著降低。相较于翻耕,深松耕和免耕处理下冬小麦产量效应并不一致,深松耕处理下冬小麦产量提高了7.6%,而免耕处理下降低了7.6%。因此,深松耕可以有效减少土壤扰动,改善土壤蓄水保墒能力、提高土壤有机碳和全氮质量分数,提高作物产量,是西北旱区一种较为合理的耕作方式。

Effect of Tillage Method on Soil Characteristics and Winter Wheat Yield of Arid Farmland in Northwest China

A 9-year field winter wheat experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage methods on soil characteristics and winter wheat yield in the Northwest China. The results showed that tillage method had a significant effect on soil characteristics and winter wheat yield. Chisel plow tillage and zero tillage could significantly increase soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen mass fraction and urease activity,reduce soil pH value, affect soil bacterial abundance,the results provided an appropriate growth environment for winter wheat. Compared with plow tillage,under the chisel plow tillage and zero tillage,soil moisture increased by 6.5% and 9.7%, organic carbon mass fraction increased by 40.5% and 31.9%, total nitrogen mass fraction increased by 34.9% and 34.3%, urease activity increased by 14.1% and 12.8%, pH value decreased by 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Chisel plow tillage and zero tillage also significantly affected bacterial abundance. Compared with plow tillage, winter wheat yield under chisel plow tillage was not consistent with the treatment under zero tillage treatment. Winter wheat yield under chisel plow tillage was increased by 7.6%, while the zero tillage treatment was decreased by 7.6%.Therefore, combined with soil characteristics and winter wheat yield, chisel plow tillage is a more reasonable farming method for the arid region in Northwest China.