重庆地区玉米黏虫僵虫体内虫生真菌的分离鉴定

玉米黏虫(Mythimna separata)是一种常见的鳞翅目害虫,具有暴发性和迁飞性,对农作物危害严重.虫生真菌是昆虫病原微生物中的最大类群,可以有效地控制自然界中害虫的种群数量.为了防治玉米黏虫和与玉米黏虫相近的草地贪夜蛾,丰富虫生真菌菌种资源,以采自重庆江津高粱地中的玉米黏虫僵虫为实验材料,运用传统培养方法分离鉴定了6株真菌.经过形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定将这6株真菌归类于3个属,分别为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、青霉属(Penicillium)以及鬼伞属(Coprinellus).虫生真菌能够引发昆虫感染发病,将害虫的种群数量长期控制在较低水平以下,在生物防治方面很有意义.此次分离纯化得到镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和青霉属(Penicillium)的真菌均有潜在的杀虫能力,鬼伞属(Coprinellus)真菌具有防治线虫的潜力,这些真菌对玉米黏虫和草地贪夜蛾的杀虫效果还有待于进一步的实验研究.

Isolation and Identification of Entomogenous Fungi from Dead Larva of Mythimna separata of Chongqing Area

Mythimna separata is a common Lepidoptera pest. As a fulminant and migratory pest, M. separata is a serious hazard to crops. Entomogenous fungi are the largest group of insect pathogenic microorganisms, which can effectively control the population of pests in nature. In order to control M. separata and other similar pests like Spodoptera frugiperda and enrich the resources of entomogenous fungi, an experiment was made, in which the dead larvae of M. separata collected from a sorghum field in Jiangjin of Chongqing were used as the experimental material, and a total of 6 fungal isolates were isolated and characterized with the traditional culture method. Morphological observation and molecular biological identification classified them into 3 genera, namely Fusarium, Penicillium and Coprinellus. Entomogenous fungi are of great value in pest biocontrol, for they can induce epidemics in insect populations, thus keeping the populations of inset pests at a relatively low level. The isolates of Fusarium and Penicillium obtained in this experiment have the potential to kill plant insect pests, while the Coprinellus can be used to control the population of nematodes. The insecticidal effects of these fungi on M. separata and S. frugiperda will be studied in more detail in further research.