小麦的穗分化与温光反应

1982—1985年在北京地区的小麦多期播种试验中,强春性小麦在三叶期开始了穗分化的伸长期.随着冬性的增强,伸长期的主茎叶数逐渐增多,天数也逐渐增加.强春性品种的穗分化对温度和日长都无严格要求,高温可促进分化.冬性品种的穗分化可在温度较低、日长较短逐渐转入温度较高、日长较长的条件下顺利进行.过渡类型小麦穗分化的温光条件居中.伸长期或二棱末期是过渡类型和冬性小麦完成春化反应的标志.

Ear Differentiation of Wheat and Its Response to Photo-Temperature

In order to make clear the effect of photo-temperature on ear differentiation of wheat and the relationship between ear differentiation and leaf number on the main stem,field experiments were carried out in Beijing in 1982-1985 with 3 varieties of wheat (Triticum A aeslivnm L.) . The results showed that the corresponding reationship between the stage of ear differentiation and the leaf number on the main stem is changeable in accordance with the difference of wheat varieties or ecological conditions. The variety of strong springness enters elongating stage when having three leaves. There are more leaves when the variety of stronger winterness enters elongating stage, and it spends more days from sowing to ear elongating. The need of strong springness variety for photo-temperature is not strict, so ear differentiation of this kind of variety could be promoted by higher temperature.Low temperature with short daylength in the earlier stage followed by higher temperature with longer daylength is fav ourable to ear differentiation of winter variety. Vernalization completes when the elongating stage or the later phase of the double ridge appears in the winterness variety and transitional type of the wheat variety ecotype.