氮、磷、钾亏缺对玉米植株性状、叶片结构与生理特性的影响

采用掖单2号玉米良种,于春季在温室中溶液培养。试验为四个处理,即-N、-P、-K、和全素(ck)。在叶片出现典型缺素症状时观测。结果表明:玉米缺乏N、P、K,植株矮小,干重降低;叶肉细胞小,叶绿体超微结构发育不良,形态异常;叶绿素含量少,光合强度降低,氨基酸合成受到影响。其中尤以缺N者影响最严重。

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiencies on the Plant Characters, Leaf Structure and Certain Physiological Properties in Maize (Zea mays L. )

The present greenhouse experiment was conducted with maize(Zea mays L. cv) Yiedan No. 2 grown in the nutrient solutions in thespring. The four treatments were carried out . (a) nitrogen deficiency(-N) , (b) phosphorus deficiency (-P) , (c) potassium deficiency (-K), and (d) complete nutrient solution (control). Each treatment was replicated ten times.The maize plants were sampled and measured when the visual symptoms of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, or potassium-deficiency appeared on the leaves. The main results obtained were shown as follows.When nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium was deficient, the maize plant remained small, the dry weight of the plant decreased obviously, in comparison with the control, the mesophy cells were small, the chloroplast ultrastructure developed poorly, which made it malformed, and chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of maize leaves droped significantly. The deficiencies of nutrients influenced the synthesis of amino acid adversely. Among all of the treatments, the nitrogen deficiency had more serious effects than others.