大麦麦芽品质性状的基因型差异及相关性

为了解大麦麦芽品质的基因型差异,以191个DH系及其亲本日本啤酒大麦Noso Nijo和中国大麦泰兴9425为材料,测定了浸出率、可溶性氮含量、库尔巴哈值、α-氨基氮含量、糖化力、黏度和总氮含量等7个麦芽品质性状,根据啤酒麦芽行业标准(QB1686-93)对参试材料的麦芽品质进行综合评分,并依据7个麦芽性状对DH系进行了聚类分析。结果表明,Noso Nijo的浸出率、可溶性氮含量、库尔巴哈值、α-氨基氮含量、糖化力及麦芽品质评分均高于泰兴9425,黏度和总氮含量均低于泰兴9425;除可溶性氮含量在两亲本间差异显著外,其余6个性状及麦芽品质评分在两亲本间的差异均达到极显著水平。浸出率、可溶性氮含量、库尔巴哈值、α-氨基氮含量、糖化力、麦芽品质评分在DH群体中呈正态分布,数值呈连续变化,为典型的数量性状特征;黏度和总氮含量在DH群体中分布的偏度介于-1和1之间,峰度大于1,且数值呈连续变化,说明其受主效基因控制的同时,也受微效多基因作用;麦芽品质评分与浸出率、α-氨基氮含量、可溶性氮含量、库尔巴哈值和糖化力呈极显著正相关,与黏度和总氮含量呈极显著负相关。浸出率和库尔巴哈值对麦芽品质影响相对较大。DH系及亲本被聚为3类:第Ⅰ类包括泰兴9425在内的87个株系,其麦芽品质较差,综合评分较低;第Ⅱ类包括Noso Nijo在内的97个株系,其麦芽品质较好,综合评分居中;第Ⅲ类由9个株系组成,其麦芽品质最好,综合评分较高。

Difference and Correlation Analysis of Malting Quality in Malting Barley

To further study the difference and correlation of barley malting quality traits, 191 DH population lines derived from the crosses of Noso Nijo and Taixing 9425 were used as materials in this study. The main malting quality including the malt extract(ME), viscosity (VS), soluble nitrogen(SN), kalbach index(KI),alpha amino nitrogen(AN), total nitrogen(TN), diastatic power(DP) were analyzed. Comprehensive scores of the DH lines were done by National Industrial Standard (QB1686 93). And the differences between two parents and 191 DH lines and the correlation of malting traits were analyzed. Then the parents and DH lines were clustered by 7 malting traits. The main results showed that the ME, SN, KI,AN, DP and malting quality of Noso Nijo were higher than the Taixing 9425, while VS and TN were blow Taixing 9425. Highly significant difference was found between two parents in six main malting quality traits and malting quality, while the difference of SN between two parents was significant. ME, SN, KI,AN, DP and comprehensive scores of malting quality showed continuous distribution in the DH population, which were typical quantitative trait inheritance. The skewness coefficients of VS and TN was between -1 and 1, Kurtosis was greater than 1, which can be concluded to major genes. But the variation still appeared continous change, which also were controlled by minor polygene. Malt quality score showed significant positive correlation with ME, SN, KI,AN, DP, while showed significant negative correlation with VS and TN. ME and KI were the most important malting quality traits of seven traits in this study. All lines were clustered into 3 categories: The first category was consist of 87 lines including Taixing 9425 with poor malting quality. The second category was consist of 97 lines including Noso Nijo with better malting quality. And the third category was consist of 9 lines with the best malting quality.